Caregiver Outlook: An Intervention to Improve Caregiving in Serious Illness

Informal caregivers provide a majority of care for patients during serious illness. Lack of preparation and completion may leave caregivers less capable of caring for a loved one or making crucial decisions influencing care.

This study will examine whether a preparation and completion intervention reduces caregiver anxiety, depression, anticipatory grief, and burden and improves patient quality of life and health care use.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Heart Failure; Cancer; Pulmonary Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Preparation and life completion; Other: Attention Control

Detailed Description

The investigators propose a randomized control trial to evaluate an intervention of preparation and completion with Veterans and their caregivers during serious illness. Specific aims are to 1) Evaluate the impact of the caregiver Outlook intervention on caregiver anxiety, depression, anticipatory grief, completion, and burden; 2) Evaluate the impact of the home versus in hospital, emergency department, or nursing facility; 3) Evaluate the impact of the intervention session's qualitative content, examining variation associated with selected demographic variables, quality of family communication, and stage of illness on change.

Caregivers in the first group ("Treatment", or "Preparation and life completion") will meet with a facilitator three times for a period of forty-five minutes each. In the first session, subjects will be asked to discuss issues related to relationship life review.

In session two, participants will be asked to speak in more depth about issues such as regret and forgiveness. In the final session, subjects will focus on legacy and celebration. Caregivers in the second group ("attention control" or "relaxation meditation") will meet with a facilitator three times for a period of forty-five minutes each and be asked to listen to a non-guided relaxation compact disk (CD) or participate in a guided relaxation exercise.

Participants in both groups will receive pre and post-test measures administered by a blinded interviewer. Outcome measures will be measures by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G), Quality of life scale, FACIT-sp sub-scale, Anticipatory Grief Scale, Caregiver Reaction Assessment, the Qual-E completion and preparation sub-scales, and patient days at home.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 286
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27705
      • Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 99 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with advanced cancer/Congestive heart failure/COPD/End stage renal disease who have a primary caregiver. Caregivers of Durham VAMC patients with advanced disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

• No caregiver present.
• Caregiver with Cognitive impairment/inability to speak on phone/non-English speaking

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: treatment; three facilitator-led end-of-life preparation and completion sessions with a facilitator with both patient and caregiver	Other: Preparation and life completion; Caregiver subjects will discuss life review, issues of forgiveness and heritage and legacy.
Active Comparator: attention control; three facilitator led sessions of listening to a relaxation CD.	Other: Attention Control; Caregiver subjects will listen to a non-guided relaxation CD with facilitator.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Caregiver Anxiety	Profile of Moods States (POMS) anxiety sub-scale The anxiety sub-scale from the modified Brief Profile of Mood States (POMS),7110 a six-item measure of psychological distress. Individual items used a 5 point Likert scale (0-4). The sub-scale minimum score was 0 and maximum was 24 (more anxious ).	Measured at baseline, 5 weeks, and 8 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Spirituality	Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-SP) subscale. The 12-item measure assess spiritual well-being: faith, meaning, and purpose. Individual items use a 5 point likert scale (0-4). The scale minimum score is 0 (negative well being) and maximum is 48 (positive well being).	Measured at baseline, 5 weeks, and 8 weeks
Depression	Centers for Epidemiologic Study of Depression short form (CES-D) is a 10-item measure of depression. Items are rated on a 4 point Likert scale (0-3) with total scores ranging from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate greater depressive symptoms	Measured at baseline, 5 weeks, and 8 weeks
Patient Days of VA Hospital Use	The number of days that a patient used either the VA emergency department (ED) or was an inpatient at a VA hospital in the 6 months following randomization. Inclusion of non-VA utilization was made unpractical due to the long delay in filing for non VA reimbursement (up to 2 years). The original variable was Day AT home, defined to be 180 days minus the days in ED or inpatient hospital. This was changed to days of use due to distribution/modeling considerations.	In the 6 months after randomization
Caregiver Burden	Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA). The Caregiver Reaction Assessment is a 24-item multidimensional instrument designed to measure a caregiver's reactions to caregiving for family members with a variety of chronic illnesses. The esteem subscale has 7 items with a 5 level Likert scale: 1=Strongly Disagree to 5=Strongly Agree. The score is the average of the 7 items ranging from a low score of 1 associated with negative reactions and high score of 5 with positive reactions.	Measured at baseline, 5 weeks, and 8 weeks
Caregiver Completion	Quality of life at the End of Life (Family Edition) is a 17-item measure of quality of life at the end of life assessing five domains: life completion, relationship with health care providers, preparation for death, physical symptoms and affective social support. The 3-item Life Completion subscale uses a 5 point (0-4) Likert scale. The subscale ranges from 0 (poor) to 4 (better outcome).	Measured at baseline, 5 weeks, and 8 weeks
Prolonged Grief - Number of Participants With Anticipatory Grief	The Prolong Grief Disorder scale is a clinically-based diagnosis determination scale modified for this study. The components/requirements that were dropped were a) diagnosis should not be made until at least 6 months since death, and b) the disturbance is not better accounted for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder or post traumatic stress disorder. The outcome was a dichotomized variable with 1 indicating symptoms of prolonged grief are present and 0 indicating insufficient symptoms.	Measured at baseline, 5 weeks, and 8 weeks
Caregiver Preparation	Quality of life at the End of Life (Family Edition) is a 17-item measure of quality of life at the end of life assessing five domains: life completion, relationship with health care providers, preparation for death, physical symptoms and affective social support. The 5-item preparation subscale uses a 5 point (0-4) Likert scale. The subscale ranges from 0 (poor) to 4 (better outcome).	Measured at baseline, 5 weeks, and 8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Karen E Steinhauser, PhD, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 11, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 21, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): August 24, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 17, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 3, 2017
• Last Verified: March 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: caregiver; end of life; self-disclosure
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Failure
• Other Study ID Numbers: IIR 11-347

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO