The SUCCEED Trial of Secondary Stroke Prevention (SUCCEED)

Secondary Stroke Prevention by Uniting Community and Chronic Care Model Teams Early to End Disparities: the SUCCEED Trial

The purpose of this study is to test a newly-developed outpatient clinic and community-based care intervention called SUCCEED (Secondary stroke prevention by Uniting Community and Chronic care model teams Early to End Disparities) for improving control of stroke risk factors among stroke patients in the Los Angeles County "safety net", and to measure the costs of running such an intervention, relative to usual care.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Stroke; Secondary Stroke Prevention
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Care Management+Community Health Worker; Behavioral: Usual Care

Detailed Description

Individuals randomized to the intervention arm will receive care from a team that consists of a care manager(CM) who is either a nurse practitioner (NP) or physician assistant (PA), supervised by the site PI, and a community health worker (CHW). The CM will follow care protocols developed by the research team. The CHW will serve as a liaison between the patient and the health care system, and mobilize resources and system support to reduce social isolation and improve stroke risk factor control self-management, through a series of workshops and home visits. Intervention participants will receive home blood pressure monitors. Subjects in either arm are eligible to receive their usual source of care. Five hundred participants who have had a stroke or TIA will be enrolled, randomized to the intervention or to usual care in a 1:1 ratio, and followed for 12 months. The impact of the intervention on systolic blood pressure is the primary study outcome; secondary outcomes are other stroke risk factors. Enrollment will occur at four sites in Los Angeles County, and the study sample is projected to include over 90% socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals from minority groups.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 487
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Downey, California, United States, 90242
      • Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048
      • Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90024
      • UCLA
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033
      • LAC+USC Medical Center
    • Sylmar, California, United States, 91342
      • Olive View-UCLA Medical Center
    • Torrance, California, United States, 90502
      • Harbor-UCLA Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 40 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients of Los Angeles County+University of Southern California (LAC-USC), Rancho Los Amigos, Olive View-University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), or Harbor-UCLA
• Transient ischemic attack (TIA), ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke within the prior 90 days
• English, Spanish, Korean, Mandarin or Cantonese-speaking
• 40 years of age or older
• Capable of giving informed consent (no proxies will be used to obtain consent)
• Systolic blood pressure is 130 mm Hg or greater OR Systolic blood pressure is between 120 mm Hg and 130 mm Hg and there is diagnosed/treated hypertension prior to the stroke or TIA

Exclusion Criteria:

• Younger than 40 years
• Systolic Blood Pressure less than 120 mm Hg OR systolic blood pressure is between 120 mm Hg and 130 mm Hg and there is no known history of hypertension prior to the stroke or TIA
• Speaks language other than English, Spanish, Korean, Mandarin, and Cantonese
• Inability to comprehend the study because of communication or cognitive impairments

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Care Management+Community Health Worker; Care management	Behavioral: Care Management+Community Health Worker; Over a period of a year subjects randomized into the Intervention arm of the study will receive support from a Care Manager. Subjects will also participate in educational group sessions on chronic disease self-management and have home visits by a Community Health Worker who will use mobile health technology.
Active Comparator: Usual Care; Written materials	Behavioral: Usual Care; Subjects randomized into the Usual Care arm will receive educational materials about stroke distributed to the Intervention patients and will receive their post-stroke care as usual.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Systolic Blood Pressure	Blood pressure at 12 months will be the primary outcome. Blood pressure will also be measured at baseline and at the 3-month mark to track blood pressure during the entire participation period.	12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Dyslipidemia	non-HDL cholesterol will be measured at 12-months. The same measurements will be taken at baseline and at the 3 month mark in order to track measurements throughout the entire participation period.	12 months
Percentage of Glycated Hemoglobin (Hemoglobin A1C)	Hemoglobin A1C will be measured at 12-months. The same measurements will be taken at baseline and at the 3 month mark in order to track measurements throughout the entire participation period.	12 months
Inflammation: C-reactive Protein	C-reactive protein will be measured at 12-months. The same measurements will be taken at baseline and at the 3 month mark in order to track measurements throughout the entire participation period.	12 months
Body Mass Index	Body mass index will be measured at 12-months with a height and weight ratio. The same measurements will be taken at baseline and at the 3 month mark in order to track measurements throughout the entire participation period.	12 months
Waist Circumference	Waist circumference will be measured at 12-months according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines. The same measurements will be taken at baseline and at the 3 month mark in order to track measurements throughout the entire participation period.	12 months
Physical Activity	The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short 7-Day version will be collected as part of the 12 month outcome survey. The questionnaire will also be collected at baseline and 3 months to track changes over the entire study period. The IPAQ score reflects energy expenditure of physical activity, and is reported in units of 'met minutes' which means metabolic equivalent. The minimum value is zero and there is no maximum. Higher scores mean better levels of physical activity.	12 months
Salt Intake	A single question, "Are you currently watching or reducing your sodium or salt intake?" from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2013, which has a dichotomous 'yes/no' response, will be collected as part of the 12 month outcome survey. The question will also be collected at baseline, 3 months, and at 8 months, to track changes over the entire study period	12 months
Soda Intake	A single question from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) 2011-2012 will be collected as part of the 12-month outcome survey. The question is "During the past month, how often did you drink regular soda or pop that contains sugar?" The participant gives a number, and the frequency (per day, per week, or per month) is also recorded. The average daily servings of soda over the prior month is calculated, and the question is scored as a dichotomous variable of greater than or equal to 1 serving of soda per /day versus less than one serving of soda per day. The question will also be collected at baseline and at 3 months, to track changes over the entire study period	12 months
Fruit and Vegetable Intake	Two questions from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) 2011-2012 will be collected as part of the 12-month outcome survey. The questions are "During the past month, how many times did you eat fruit? Do not count juices" and "During the past month, how many times did you eat any other vegetables like green salad, green beans or potatoes? Do not include fried potatoes." For each question, the participant gives a number, and the frequency (per day, per week, or per month) is also recorded. Responses are converted to a number for day for each question, then summed across the two questions. The question is scored as a dichotomous variable of five or more servings of fruit and vegetables per day versus less than five servings of fruit and vegetables per day. The questions will also be collected at baseline and at 3 months, to track changes over the entire study period	12 months
Smoking	A single question from the California Health Interview Survey 2011-2012 Adult Questionnaire will be collected as part of the 12-month outcome survey. The question asks whether over the interval since the previous study interview, "were you smoking cigarettes every day, some days, or not at all?" The question will also be collected at baseline (with a time frame of over the prior year) and at 3 months, to track changes over the entire study period. The scoring for this outcome is dichotomous: "Smoking" = a response of 'every day' or 'some days', versus "Not smoking" = a response of 'not at all.'	12 months
Knowledge About Stroke Signs	An open-ended question about what the participant believes is a sign of a stroke ("What are the warning signs of a stroke? What else...what else?"), will be asked as a part of the 12 month survey. This question will also be collected at 3 months to track changes over the follow-up study period. Correct responses are numbness, weakness, difficulty speaking/understanding, vision disturbance, dizziness, and headache. Responses are scored as 0 correct, 1 correct, 2 correct, and 3 or more correct.	12 months
Knowledge About Stroke Risk Factors	An adaptation of an existing instrument will be collected as a part of the 12 month survey. An open-ended question about what the participant believes is a stroke risk factor ("I would like to ask you about stroke risk factors, those are the things that make it more likely for somebody to have a stroke. From anything you might have heard or read, what do you believe are the risk factors associated with stroke? What else...what else?", will be asked, then converted to three dichotomous variables: correct about at least 3 stroke risk factors versus less than three; correct about at least one stroke risk factor versus none correct; and reports that blood pressure is a stroke risk factor versus does not. This question will also be collected at baseline, 3 months, and 8 months to track changes over the entire study period.	12 months
Patient Perception of Quality of Stroke Preventative Care	An adaptation of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) will be collected as a part of the 12 month questionnaire. It will also be collected at baseline and 3 month to track changes over the entire study period. The CAHPS question was "Did you receive from any of your medical care providers the help you needed to make changes in your habits or lifestyle that would improve your health or prevent illness?" Response choices are: 'Yes definitely' "Yes somewhat' or 'No definitely not'.	12 months
Vascular Events	The Questionnaire for Verifying Stroke Free Status (QVSFS) will be collected as part of the 12 month survey. It will also be collected at baseline and 3 months to track changes over the entire study period. This questionnaire will also be collected every 6 months for up to 24 months after the study is completed to check for vascular events. The scoring was dichotomous: at least one new event (stroke, transient ischemic attack, or heart attack) versus none over the 12-month follow-up period.	12 months
Medication Adherence - Global	A single item adapted from two questions published elsewhere will be administered at 12 months. The adapted item is "In the past week, how much of the time were you able to take your medications exactly as your doctor or nurse told you to?" Response choices are 'None of the time,' 'A little of the time,' "A good bit of the time,' 'Most of the time,' or 'All of the time.' This item will also be collected at Baseline, 3 Months, and 8 Months, to track changes over the entire study period.	12 Months
Medication Adherence - Blood Pressure Medication	A continuous measure of adherence as percentage of doses taken over the prior 7-day time period will be collected at 12 months and calculated for blood pressure medication, using a previously published formula. This will also be collected at 3 months, to track changes over the study period.	12 Months
Medication Adherence - Cholesterol Medication	A continuous measure of adherence as percentage of doses taken over the prior 7-day time period will be collected at 12 months and calculated for cholesterol medication, using a previously published formula. This will also be collected at 3 Months, to track changes over the study period.	12 months
Medication Adherence - Antithrombotic Medication	A continuous measure of adherence as percentage of doses taken over the prior 7-day time period will be collected at 12 months and calculated for antithrombotic medication, using a previously published formula. This will also be collected at 3 Months, to track changes over the study period.	12 months
Medication Adherence - Antidepressant Medication	A continuous measure of adherence as percentage of doses taken over the prior 7-day time period will be collected at 12 months and calculated for antidepressant medication, using a previously published formula. This will also be collected at 3 Months, to track changes over the study period.	12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of California, Los Angeles
• Collaborators: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); University of Southern California; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center; Olive View-UCLA Education & Research Institute; Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center; California Community Foundation
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Barbara G Vickrey, MD, MPH, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Principal Investigator: Amytis Towfighi, MD, USC - Department of Neurology. Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Lu M, Safren SA, Skolnik PR, Rogers WH, Coady W, Hardy H, Wilson IB. Optimal recall period and response task for self-reported HIV medication adherence. AIDS Behav. 2008 Jan;12(1):86-94. doi: 10.1007/s10461-007-9261-4. Epub 2007 Jun 19.
• Saunders DH, Mead GE, Fitzsimons C, Kelly P, van Wijck F, Verschuren O, Backx K, English C. Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in people with stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jun 29;6(6):CD012996. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012996.pub2.
• Simoni JM, Kurth AE, Pearson CR, Pantalone DW, Merrill JO, Frick PA. Self-report measures of antiretroviral therapy adherence: A review with recommendations for HIV research and clinical management. AIDS Behav. 2006 May;10(3):227-45. doi: 10.1007/s10461-006-9078-6.
• Towfighi A, Cheng EM, Ayala-Rivera M, McCreath H, Sanossian N, Dutta T, Mehta B, Bryg R, Rao N, Song S, Razmara A, Ramirez M, Sivers-Teixeira T, Tran J, Mojarro-Huang E, Montoya A, Corrales M, Martinez B, Willis P, Macias M, Ibrahim N, Wu S, Wacksman J, Haber H, Richards A, Barry F, Hill V, Mittman B, Cunningham W, Liu H, Ganz DA, Factor D, Vickrey BG. Randomized controlled trial of a coordinated care intervention to improve risk factor control after stroke or transient ischemic attack in the safety net: Secondary stroke prevention by Uniting Community and Chronic care model teams Early to End Disparities (SUCCEED). BMC Neurol. 2017 Feb 6;17(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12883-017-0792-7.
• Schneider AT, Pancioli AM, Khoury JC, Rademacher E, Tuchfarber A, Miller R, Woo D, Kissela B, Broderick JP. Trends in community knowledge of the warning signs and risk factors for stroke. JAMA. 2003 Jan 15;289(3):343-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.3.343.
• Nicol MB, Thrift AG. Knowledge of risk factors and warning signs of stroke. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2005;1(2):137-47. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.1.2.137.64085.
• Towfighi A, Cheng EM, Ayala-Rivera M, Barry F, McCreath H, Ganz DA, Lee ML, Sanossian N, Mehta B, Dutta T, Razmara A, Bryg R, Song SS, Willis P, Wu S, Ramirez M, Richards A, Jackson N, Wacksman J, Mittman B, Tran J, Johnson RR, Ediss C, Sivers-Teixeira T, Shaby B, Montoya AL, Corrales M, Mojarro-Huang E, Castro M, Gomez P, Munoz C, Garcia D, Moreno L, Fernandez M, Lopez E, Valdez S, Haber HR, Hill VA, Rao NM, Martinez B, Hudson L, Valle NP, Vickrey BG; Secondary Stroke Prevention by Uniting Community and Chronic Care Model Teams Early to End Disparities (SUCCEED) Investigators. Effect of a Coordinated Community and Chronic Care Model Team Intervention vs Usual Care on Systolic Blood Pressure in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: The SUCCEED Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Feb 1;4(2):e2036227. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36227.
• Lin AM, Vickrey BG, Barry F, Lee ML, Ayala-Rivera M, Cheng E, Montoya AV, Mojarro-Huang E, Gomez P, Castro M, Corrales M, Sivers-Teixeira T, Tran JL, Johnson R, Ediss C, Shaby B, Willis P, Sanossian N, Mehta B, Dutta T, Razmara A, Bryg R, Song S, Towfighi A. Factors Associated With Participation in the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program: Findings From the SUCCEED Trial. Stroke. 2020 Oct;51(10):2910-2917. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028022. Epub 2020 Sep 11.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 13, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 20, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): February 11, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 4, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 4, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): January 8, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 26, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 24, 2019
• Last Verified: November 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Self-management; Chronic Care Model; Community health worker
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Processes; Stroke; Neoplasm Metastasis
• Other Study ID Numbers: 5155 U54-NS081764; U54NS081764 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)