Seek, Test, and Retain. Linkages for Black HIV+, Substance-Using MSM (STAR)

Seek, Test, and Retain. Linkages for Black HIV+, Substance-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men.

The study will seek and recruit substance-using Black Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in New York City for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing and will link and retain those who are HIV infected in HIV primary care. The STAR study has two primary objectives: to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) in the substance using Black MSM population for identifying individuals who are HIV infected and not in care; and to assess the relative effectiveness of patient navigation and financial incentives in linkage and retention to HIV care.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Sexual Behavior; Substance Abuse
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN) Intervention; Behavioral: Financial Incentives (FI) Intervention

Detailed Description

The HIV epidemic in the United States most severely affects men who have sex with men (MSM): 61% of all new infections occur in this population. Black MSM bear a disproportionate burden, with prevalence of 28%, in contrast to 19% in MSM overall. Black MSM undergo HIV testing less frequently than other MSM; are less likely to be aware that they are HIV infected; are more likely to experience delays in entry into HIV care; and are less likely to be prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) when eligible. These disparities are pronounced in substance-using MSM, as substance users are at elevated risk of late diagnosis and delayed engagement in HIV care. The combination of pervasive stigma associated with MSM behavior and high rates of substance use hinders effective prevention efforts in this population, even as the prevalence of infection in Black MSM in some US cities approaches 50%. Reducing HIV-related disparities in MSM and among Black Americans are National HIV/AIDS Strategy priorities and are essential to the effort to control and prevent HIV/AIDS in the US.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 1930
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10027
      • Harlem Prevention Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 99 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Self-identify as Black, African American, Caribbean Black, or multi-ethnic Black
• Identify as male
• Greater than 18 years old
• Have had sex with a man during the preceding 12 months
• Have ever used illicit drugs or alcohol to intoxication

Exclusion Criteria:

*Participation in other study assessing linkage and retention in HIV care

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Screening
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Patient Navigation (PN); Behavioral Intervention: 'Patient Navigation (PN) Intervention' participants will receive support from navigators in choosing a provider and remembering to attend appointments	Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN) Intervention; Patient Navigation is defined as an individual relationship between a navigator and participant to promote retention in the continuum of HIV care . For this study, three experienced navigators will be hired. Their primary role will be to ensure that participants are linked to an HIV primary care provider, that they attend at least one scheduled visit within three months of receiving a confirmed HIV diagnosis, and that they are retained in care (as defined by attending three HIV visits within nine months of diagnosis). To promote linkage to HIV care, navigators will help participants identify material and other barriers to accessing care and will work with participants to overcome those barriers.; Other Names: PN; PN Intervention
Experimental: Financial Incentives (FI); Behavioral Intervention: 'Financial Incentives (FI) Intervention' participants will receive gift cards and money for attending clinic visits	Behavioral: Financial Incentives (FI) Intervention; After confirmation that they have completed their first HIV primary care visit, Financial Incentive participants will receive a gift card. Additionally, the coordinator will flip a coin and give participants a bonus gift card if the coin flip comes up heads. Participants who attend the second HIV primary care visit will receive a gift card. Patients who attend a third HIV primary care visit will receive a gift card. Study staff will be responsible for confirming participants' attendance at appointments.; Other Names: FI Intervention; FI

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Retention Rate (Linkage to Care)	Linkage to care will be defined as the attendance of at least one scheduled HIV primary care visit within three months of receiving a confirmed HIV diagnosis. Retention in care will be defined as three visits within nine months of HIV diagnosis.	Up to 3 months from HIV diagnosis

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Dollars per patient linked and retained in care	We will calculate dollars per patient linked and retained in care to measure cost-effectiveness of the two linkage/retention interventions: costs administering the incentives for the financial incentives arm and staffing costs for the peer navigation arm. All such values will then be adjusted by the opportunity cost of each participant's time. In addition, we will include fixed costs (eg, pamphlets and teaching materials to train the navigators) and the cost of space required to host the navigators.	Up to 9 months
Proportion of substance-using Black MSM who are recruited	Effectiveness of Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) for seeking and recruiting substance-using Black MSM: the characteristics of RDS will be estimated using conventional proportion calculations, with confidence intervals.	Up to 3 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Columbia University
• Collaborators: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Wafaa M El-Sadr, MD, Columbia University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Franks J, Mannheimer SB, Hirsch-Moverman Y, Hayes-Larson E, Colson PW, Ortega H, El-Sadr WM. Multiple strategies to identify HIV-positive black men who have sex with men and transgender women in New York City: a cross-sectional analysis of recruitment results. J Int AIDS Soc. 2018 Mar;21(3):e25091. doi: 10.1002/jia2.25091.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): November 17, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 7, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 11, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): February 13, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 6, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 4, 2022
• Last Verified: April 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: HIV; Sexual Behavior; MSM; Substance Abuse
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: AAAI1585; 1R01DA032100-01 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED