Multidisciplinary Therapy in the Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Benefits of a Multidisciplinary Therapy in the Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome: a Randomized Clinical Trial

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a multidisciplinary therapy with physical, manual and deontology therapies in the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Placebo; Other: Multidisciplinary therapy

Detailed Description

Design: Randomized clinical trial. Objective: to compare the therapeutic effects of physical therapy, manual therapy and deontology therapy to improve pain, quality of life, physical function, quality of sleep, depression, anxiety, clinical severity, clinical improvement, and temporomandibular dysfunction in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.

Methods and measures: seventy patients will be randomly assigned to experimental or placebo control group. The experimental group will receive 30 sessions (twice a weeks) of physical therapy, manual therapy and deontology therapy. Pain intensity, impact of fibromyalgia symptoms, quality of sleep, depression, anxiety, clinical severity, clinical improvement and temporomandibular dysfunction will be collected in both groups al baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks after 48-hr the last intervention in the experimental and placebo control groups, by an assessor blinded to the treatment allocation of the patients. Baseline demographic and clinical variables will be examined between both groups with independent Student t-test for continuous data and chi-square tests of independence for categorical data. Separate 2x3 model ANOVA with time (baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks) as the within-subjects factor, group (experimental, placebo control) will be determine the effects of the multidisciplinary treatment.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 70
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Almeria
    • Granada, Almeria, Spain, 04120
      • Fibromyalgia Association (AGRAFIM)

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 30 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Syndrome
• Agreement to attend evening therapy sessions
• A chief complaint of acute pain (duration < 6 months) in the temporomandibular joint on at least one side.
• The presence of joint clicking during jaw opening that was eliminated on protrusive opening.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of recent trauma.
• Therapeutic co-interventions during treatment.
• Indication for surgical treatment of temporomandibular joint.
• Edentulism.
• Physical or mental illness that precludes attendance at therapy sessions.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Multidisplinary Therapy; The multidisciplinary therapy involves the application of physical therapy, manual therapy and deontology therapy. This multidisciplinary therapy will be administered twice a week for 15 weeks.	Other: Multidisciplinary therapy; Physical Therapy: Cervical traction, Cranium fore flexion 15 °, Open-close mouth dental contactless (10 mm), Opening movement with a small resistor (one finger on chin), Flexion of the head, without actually lifting, resisting in the front, Occipital extension, Cranium fore flexion 15 °, Cervical traction. Myofascial Therapy: Induction suboccipital, compression - decompression of the temporomandibular joint, horizontal induction of the temporomandibular joint, deep fascia induction in the temporal region, deep induction of the masseter fascia, deep induction of the external pterygoid, and induction of intraoral pterygoid. Deontology therapy: the patient are going to port a deprogramming occlusal splint every night, an average of 8 hours per day, for 15 weeks.
Placebo Comparator: One technique of myofascial release; A physiotherapist administered 15 sessions of "induction occipital" once a week.	Other: Placebo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change on pain intensity	The visual analog scales designed to measure the intensity of pain and degree of relief experienced by the patient; with the value 0 refers to the situation of no pain and score 100 refers to the situation of unbearable pain.	At baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in temporomandibular dysfunction	Dworkin and LeResche present a multiaxial evaluation system that integrates the relevant aspects for the temporomandibular dysfunction in two axes. The exploration model consists of a protocol detailing the tests to be applied, and other specifications of the procedure to be followed by the professional: temporomandibular pain, pattern jaw opening, vertical movement range, sounds of the temporomandibular joint in palpation during vertical movement, mandibular excursive movements, pain extraoral muscle tenderness, joint pain on palpation, muscle pain during intraoral palpation.	At baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks
Change in quality of life SF-36	The assessment of Quality of Life SF-36 covers 8 dimensions of health status. It contains 36 items covering two areas, the functional status and the emotional wellness. The area of the functional state is represented by the following dimensions: physical function (10 items), social function (2 items), role limitations due to physical problems (4 items), role limitations due to emotional problems (3 items). The wellness area includes the dimensions of mental health (5 items), vitality (4 items), pain (2 items). Finally, the general health assessment includes the dimension of perception of general health (5 items) and the health change over the time (one item, which is not part of the final score).	At baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks
Change on index of widespread pain and symptom severity	This simple clinical case definition of fibromyalgia properly classifies the 88.1% of the cases classified by the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria, and it does not require a physical or tender point. The Symptom Severity Score allows the assessment of the severity of the symptoms of fibromyalgia in people with current or previous fibromyalgia, and those in which the criteria have not been applied yet. This questionnaire is especially useful in the longitudinal assessment of patients with marked symptom variability.	At baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks
Change in physical function	The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire consists of 10 items. The first item is composed of 11 subitems in which is valued the physical function. In the second and third items, patients indicate the number of days in which they disrupt their daily activity due to pain, or otherwise the days they find improvement. The impact caused by the symptoms of fibromyalgia in the physical and mental health of the patients was measured by the Spanish version of the Impact of Fibromyalgia Questionnaire. This questionnaire assesses the following dimensions: feeling good, physical function, missing work and work capacity, physical, psychological and social components and global wellness. Also, it includes six visual analog scales for assessing fatigue, pain, stiffness, morning tiredness, anxiety and depression.	At baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks
Change on quality of sleep	Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire consists of 24 items, and which interrogate issues such as the quality of sleep that the subject he has, or the frequency of certain events - such as difficulty falling asleep during the first half an hour or the presence of nightmares- are answered by an ordinal scale with four grades. In the correction of this questionnaire, seven scores are obtained which inform us of the components of sleep quality: subjective quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, the use of hypnotic medication, and daytime dysfunction. Each of these components receives a discrete score which can range from 0 to 3. A score of 0 indicates that there are no problems in this respect, and a score of 3 indicates serious problems at that level. The sum of the scores in each partial component generates a total score, which can range from 0 to 21.	At baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks
Change on rates of depression	The Beck inventory for depression is a self-administered questionnaire of 21 items that assesses a wide range of depressive symptoms. Its content emphasizes more the cognitive component of depression, and the symptoms of this area represent about 50% of the total score of the questionnaire, with symptoms of somatic / vegetative. In the second block, of the 21 items, 15 refer to eco-cognitive symptoms, and the remaining 6 to somatic-vegetative symptoms. Each item has four response alternatives listed from low to high severity, assessing the severity / intensity of the symptom. The range of the score is 0-63 points. The aim of this questionnaire is to quantify the symptoms, not provide a diagnosis. The breakpoints usually accepted to graduate the intensity/severity are the followings: No Depression: 0-9 points.; Mild depression: 10-18 points; Moderate Depression: 19-29 points; Severe depression: ≥ 30 points	At baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks
Change on state-trait anxiety	The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory measures a stable personality dimension (trait anxiety or tendency to anxiety), also includes a subscale of state, to detect anxiety behaviors. In the questionnaire, consisting of 40 items (20 for each level), the subjects have to describe how they feel generally, in the case of the trait anxiety scale, and how they feel when they answer, in the case of anxiety scale as a state. This inventory allows obtaining the scores of both scales separately.	At baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in clinical impression of severity	This scale assesses the severity level regarding the patient's physical condition. It comprises a Likert scale extending from a value of 1 (no disease) to a value of 7 (extremely ill).	At baseline, 15 weeks and 20 weeks
Change in clinical global impression of improvement	This scale allows to evaluate the improvement perceived by the patient. It comprises a Likert scale which extends from a value of 1 (very much improved) to a value of 7 (extremely ill).	15 weeks and 20 weeks after intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Universidad de Almeria
• Collaborators: Universidad de Granada
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Adelaida M Castro-Sánchez, PhD, Universidad de Almeria

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Miernik M, Wieckiewicz M, Paradowska A, Wieckiewicz W. Massage therapy in myofascial TMD pain management. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2012 Sep-Oct;21(5):681-5.
• de Felicio CM, Medeiros AP, de Oliveira Melchior M. Validity of the 'protocol of oro-facial myofunctional evaluation with scores' for young and adult subjects. J Oral Rehabil. 2012 Oct;39(10):744-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02336.x. Epub 2012 Aug 1.
• Guarda-Nardini L, Stecco A, Stecco C, Masiero S, Manfredini D. Myofascial pain of the jaw muscles: comparison of short-term effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections and fascial manipulation technique. Cranio. 2012 Apr;30(2):95-102. doi: 10.1179/crn.2012.014.
• Richardson K, Gonzalez Y, Crow H, Sussman J. The effect of oral motor exercises on patients with myofascial pain of masticatory system. Case series report. N Y State Dent J. 2012 Jan;78(1):32-7.
• Manfredini D, Castroflorio T, Perinetti G, Guarda-Nardini L. Dental occlusion, body posture and temporomandibular disorders: where we are now and where we are heading for. J Oral Rehabil. 2012 Jun;39(6):463-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2012.02291.x. Epub 2012 Mar 21.
• Aggarwal A, Keluskar V. Physiotherapy as an adjuvant therapy for treatment of TMJ disorders. Gen Dent. 2012 Mar-Apr;60(2):e119-22.
• Walczynska-Dragon K, Baron S. The biomechanical and functional relationship between temporomandibular dysfunction and cervical spine pain. Acta Bioeng Biomech. 2011;13(4):93-8.
• Craane B, Dijkstra PU, Stappaerts K, De Laat A. Randomized controlled trial on physical therapy for TMJ closed lock. J Dent Res. 2012 Apr;91(4):364-9. doi: 10.1177/0022034512438275. Epub 2012 Feb 8.
• Dym H, Israel H. Diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Dent Clin North Am. 2012 Jan;56(1):149-61, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2011.08.002.
• Doepel M, Nilner M, Ekberg E, LE Bell Y. Long-term effectiveness of a prefabricated oral appliance for myofascial pain. J Oral Rehabil. 2012 Apr;39(4):252-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2011.02261.x. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
• Hunter EK. Integration of rehabilitation and acupuncture in the treatment of a professional musician with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Acupunct Med. 2011 Dec;29(4):298-301. doi: 10.1136/aim.2010.003889. Epub 2011 Jun 16.
• Armijo-Olivo S, Silvestre R, Fuentes J, da Costa BR, Gadotti IC, Warren S, Major PW, Thie NM, Magee DJ. Electromyographic activity of the cervical flexor muscles in patients with temporomandibular disorders while performing the craniocervical flexion test: a cross-sectional study. Phys Ther. 2011 Aug;91(8):1184-97. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20100233. Epub 2011 Jun 9.
• Cuccia AM, Caradonna C, Caradonna D. Manual therapy of the mandibular accessory ligaments for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2011 Feb;111(2):102-12.
• Ariji Y, Katsumata A, Hiraiwa Y, Izumi M, Sakuma S, Shimizu M, Kurita K, Ariji E. Masseter muscle sonographic features as indices for evaluating efficacy of massage treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Oct;110(4):517-26. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.05.003. Erratum In: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Dec;110(6):809.
• Silant'eva EN. [The role of therapeutic exercises in the combined treatment and rehabilitation of patients with pain syndrome associated with the dysfunction of temporomandibular joint]. Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2010 May-Jun;(3):22-6. Russian.
• La Touche R, Paris-Alemany A, von Piekartz H, Mannheimer JS, Fernandez-Carnero J, Rocabado M. The influence of cranio-cervical posture on maximal mouth opening and pressure pain threshold in patients with myofascial temporomandibular pain disorders. Clin J Pain. 2011 Jan;27(1):48-55. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181edc157.
• Santos Tde S, Piva MR, Ribeiro MH, Antunes AA, Melo AR, Silva ED. Lasertherapy efficacy in temporomandibular disorders: control study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 May-Jun;76(3):294-9. doi: 10.1590/S1808-86942010000300004.
• Oliveira-Campelo NM, Rubens-Rebelatto J, Marti N-Vallejo FJ, Alburquerque-Sendi N F, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C. The immediate effects of atlanto-occipital joint manipulation and suboccipital muscle inhibition technique on active mouth opening and pressure pain sensitivity over latent myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 May;40(5):310-7. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3257.
• Fricton JR, Ouyang W, Nixdorf DR, Schiffman EL, Velly AM, Look JO. Critical appraisal of methods used in randomized controlled trials of treatments for temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain. 2010 Spring;24(2):139-51.
• Fernandez-Carnero J, La Touche R, Ortega-Santiago R, Galan-del-Rio F, Pesquera J, Ge HY, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C. Short-term effects of dry needling of active myofascial trigger points in the masseter muscle in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain. 2010 Winter;24(1):106-12.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 25, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 2, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): April 5, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): December 11, 2013
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 9, 2013
• Last Verified: December 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Pain; Physical therapy; Manual therapy; Fibromyalgia Syndrome; Temporomandibular joint
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Nervous System Diseases; Disease; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Jaw Diseases; Craniomandibular Disorders; Mandibular Diseases; Syndrome; Fibromyalgia; Joint Diseases; Myofascial Pain Syndromes; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: UAL-321-15/03/2013