A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy Imiquimod Cream, 2.5% in Participants With Actinic Keratoses

A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled, Parallel Group Comparison Study to Determine the Therapeutic Equivalence of Generic Imiquimod Cream, 2.5% and Zyclara® (Imiquimod) Cream, 2.5% in Subjects With Actinic Keratoses

The purpose of this study it so compare the safety and efficacy profiles of a generic imiquimod 2.5% cream to the reference listed Zyclara® (imiquimod) cream in the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Actinic Keratosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Imiquimod; Drug: Zyclara®; Drug: Vehicle Cream

Detailed Description

Aldara® (imiquimod) Cream, 5% was the first imiquimod product approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the topical treatment of AK, superficial basal cell carcinoma and external genital and perianal warts. The FDA approved regimen for the treatment of AK is application of 250 milligrams (mg) of cream twice a week for 16 weeks to a 25 square centimeters (cm^2) area. In 2011, a lower strength imiquimod cream, Zyclara (imiquimod) Cream, 2.5% was approved by the FDA. When used for the treatment of AK, Zyclara is applied for a shorter duration and in an expanded treatment area (for example, face or scalp) in comparison to Aldara®. This study will be conducted in compliance with the protocol, Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and the applicable regulatory requirement(s). Marketed by Medicis, Zyclara® (imiquimod) cream 2.5% is a safe and effective topical therapy for the treatment of AK of the face and scalp. Actavis has developed a generic formulation of imiquimod 2.5% cream and the current study is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this formulation.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 467
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35025
      • Site 1
  • California
    • Fremont, California, United States, 94538
      • Site 10
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90045
      • Site 8
  • Colorado
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80220
      • Site 24
  • Florida
    • Boca Raton, Florida, United States, 33486
      • Site 28
    • Brandon, Florida, United States, 33511
      • Site 26
    • Brandon, Florida, United States, 33511
      • Site 27
  • Idaho
    • Boise, Idaho, United States, 83704
      • Site 21
  • Illinois
    • Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States, 60005
      • Site 3
    • Champaign, Illinois, United States, 61820
      • Site 17
  • Indiana
    • Carmel, Indiana, United States, 46032
      • Site 7
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46256
      • Site 15
    • Plainfield, Indiana, United States, 46168
      • Site 22
    • South Bend, Indiana, United States, 46617
      • Site 23
  • Michigan
    • Clinton Township, Michigan, United States, 48038
      • Site 16
  • Minnesota
    • Fridley, Minnesota, United States, 55432
      • Site 13
  • New Mexico
    • Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87106
      • Site 9
  • North Carolina
    • High Point, North Carolina, United States, 27262
      • Site 4
    • Wilmington, North Carolina, United States, 28403
      • Site 11
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27103
      • Site 18
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97223
      • Site 25
  • South Carolina
    • Fountain Inn, South Carolina, United States, 29644
      • Site 20
  • Tennessee
    • Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, 37917
      • Site 6
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37203
      • Site 5
  • Texas
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78759
      • Site 14
    • College Station, Texas, United States, 77845
      • Site 12
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77056
      • Site 2

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participant is a male or female, 18 years of age or older.
• Participant has provided written informed consent.
• Participant is willing and able to apply the test article as directed, comply with study instructions and commit to all follow-up visits for the duration of the study.
• Participant has a clinical diagnosis of AK with at least 5 and no more than 20 clinically typical, visible or palpable AK lesions, each at least 4 millimeters (mm) in diameter, in an area greater than 25 cm^2 on the face (excluding ears) or balding scalp, but not both.
• Participant is in good general health and free of any disease state or physical condition that might impair evaluation of AK lesions or which, in the investigator's opinion, exposes the participant to an unacceptable risk by study participation.
• Females must be post-menopausal, surgically sterile or use an effective method of birth control, with a negative urine pregnancy test (UPT) at the Baseline visit.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participant is pregnant, lactating, or is planning to become pregnant during the study.
• Participant has hyperkeratotic, hypertrophic or atypical AKs (for example, AK greater than [>] 1 cm^2 in size) in the treatment area.
• Participant is currently enrolled in an investigational drug or device study.
• Participant plans to be exposed to artificial tanning devices or excessive sunlight during the trial.
• Participant is immunosuppressed (for example; human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], systemic malignancy, graft vs. host disease, etc.).
• Participant has experienced an unsuccessful outcome from previous imiquimod therapy (an unsuccessful outcome is defined as after a reasonable therapeutic trial with no compliance issues and the topical drug do not work).
• Participant has used an investigational drug or investigational device within 30 days prior to the Baseline visit.
• Participant has had dermatologic procedures or surgeries such as: laser resurfacing, PUVA (Psoralen + ultraviolet A) therapy, UVB therapy, chemical peels or dermabrasion on the face or balding scalp within 6 months prior to the Baseline visit.
• Participant has cryodestruction or chemodestruction, curettage, photodynamic therapy, surgical excision or other treatments for AK on the designated treatment area (face or scalp) within 1 month prior to the Baseline visit.
• Participant has used oral corticosteroid therapy, interferon, cytotoxic drugs, immunomodulators, immunosuppressive therapies or retinoids within 1 month prior to the Baseline visit.
• Participant has used topical medications; corticosteroids, alpha hydroxyl acids (for example; glycolic acid, lactic acid etc. >5%), beta hydroxy acid (salicylic acid >2%), urea >5%, 5-fluorouracil, diclofenac, imiquimod, ingenol mebutate or prescription retinoids (for example; tazarotene, adapalene, tretinoin) to the face or balding scalp within one month prior to the Baseline visit.
• Participant has used topical creams, lotions or gels of any kind to the selected treatment area within one day prior to the Baseline visit.
• Participant has lesions suspicious for skin cancer (skin cancer not ruled out by biopsy) or untreated skin cancers within the selected treatment area (face or scalp).
• Participant has a history of sensitivity to any of the ingredients in the test articles.
• Participant has any skin pathology or condition (for example; facial/scalp psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, etc.) that, in the investigator's opinion, could interfere with the evaluation of the test article, worsen due to the treatment or requires the use of interfering topical, systemic or surgical therapy.
• Participant has any condition which, in the investigator's opinion, would make it unsafe or precludes the participant's ability to fully participate in this research study.
• Participant is known to be noncompliant or is unlikely to comply with the requirements of the study protocol (for example; due to alcoholism, drug dependency, mental incapacity) in the opinion of the investigator.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Generic Imiquimod Cream 2.5%; Generic imiquimod cream 2.5% will be applied once daily approximately 1 to 2 hours before bedtime to the skin of the treatment area (either full face [excluding the ears] or balding scalp) for two, 2-week treatment cycles separated by a 2-week no-treatment period. Participants will apply test article for 14 consecutive days for each treatment cycle.	Drug: Imiquimod; Cream, generic formulation of the brand product.
Active Comparator: Zyclara® (Imiquimod) Cream 2.5%; Zyclara® (imiquimod) cream 2.5% will be applied once daily approximately 1 to 2 hours before bedtime to the skin of the treatment area (either full face [excluding the ears] or balding scalp) for two, 2-week treatment cycles separated by a 2-week no-treatment period. Participants will apply test article for 14 consecutive days for each treatment cycle.	Drug: Zyclara®; Cream, brand product.
Placebo Comparator: Vehicle Cream; Vehicle cream will be applied once daily approximately 1 to 2 hours before bedtime to the skin of the treatment area (either full face [excluding the ears] or balding scalp) for two, 2-week treatment cycles separated by a 2-week no-treatment period. Participants will apply test article for 14 consecutive days for each treatment cycle.	Drug: Vehicle Cream; Vehicle cream in the same image of the generic imiquimod. Has no active ingredient.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Complete Clearance Rate - Percentage of Participants With Treatment Success: Per-Protocol (PP) Population	Complete clearance rate (treatment success) was defined as the percentage of participants in each treatment group with a count of zero actinic keratosis (AK) lesions in the treatment area at Week 14. All AKs (baseline and new lesions) independent of size within the treatment area were included in the efficacy lesion count. The AK clearance rate for a participant was calculated as follows: {1 - [ (number of AK lesions at Week 14) / (number of AK lesions at Baseline)]} * 100.	Week 14
Complete Clearance Rate - Percentage of Participants With Treatment Success: ITT Population	Complete clearance rate (treatment success) was defined as the percentage of participants in each treatment group with a count of zero AK lesions in the treatment area at Week 14. All AKs (baseline and new lesions) independent of size within the treatment area were included in the efficacy lesion count. The AK clearance rate for a participant was calculated as follows: {1 - [ (number of AK lesions at Week 14) / (number of AK lesions at Baseline)]} * 100.	Week 14

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs)	An AE was any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug without regard to possibility of causal relationship. Mild AEs: awareness of sign or symptom, but easily tolerated. Moderate AEs: discomfort sufficient to cause interference with normal activities. Severe AEs: inability to carry out usual activities. Serious AEs: death, a life-threatening AE, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, persistent or significant disability or incapacity, a congenital anomaly or birth defect, or an important medical event that jeopardized the participant and required medical intervention to prevent 1 of the outcomes listed in this definition. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all serious AEs, regardless of causality is located in Reported AE section.	Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14
Number of Participants With Local Skin Reactions	Local skin reactions included erythema, flaking/scaling/dryness, scabbing/crusting, pruritus, erosion/ulceration, pain, edema, and weeping/exudate. A summary of other non-serious AEs and all serious AEs, regardless of causality is located in Reported AE section.	Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 14

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of Drug Compliance	The overall drug compliance (%) = (Observed Consumption / Expected Consumption) * 100%.	Baseline (Day 1) up to Week 6

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Actavis Inc.
• Investigators: Study Director: Study Director, Actavis Inc.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 10, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 30, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): April 30, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 21, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 21, 2014
• First Posted (Estimate): April 23, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 13, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 26, 2019
• Last Verified: November 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Actinic Keratosis; Imiquimod; Zyclara
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms; Precancerous Conditions; Keratosis, Actinic; Keratosis; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunologic Factors; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Interferon Inducers; Imiquimod
• Other Study ID Numbers: 094-3153-301