The Effects of Obesity on 8-Hydroxy-Deoxyguanosine Levels in Patients With and Without Periodontal Disease

Obesity may affect periodontal health by inducing gingival oxidative damage through increased production in circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several studies have demonstrated that 8-OHdG in bodily fluids can act as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in periodontal diseases and for evaluating the effect of periodontal treatment. In the present study we hypothesized that high ROS levels in circulation may increase oxidative stress levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva in obese patients with periodontal disease, thus periodontal therapy could have positive effects on ROS levels.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Obesity
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Procedure: Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva and Blood Sampling

Detailed Description

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the bodily fluids of patients with and without periodontal disease and to evaluate changes after initial periodontal treatment.

Diagnosed as obese (n=45) and normal-weight (n=45) individuals were categorized; chronic periodontitis (CP), gingivitis (G) and periodontally healthy controls (CTRL). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), plasma, saliva samples and clinical measurements were obtained at baseline and a month after initial periodontal treatment.

Unstimulated salivary samples were collected using standard techniques. About 2 mL whole saliva was collected in disposable tubes and centrifuged immediately to remove cell debris (10,000 g x 10 minutes). The supernatants (50µL each) were stored at -40C until analyzed. GCF samples were collected from a mesio-buccal and disto-palatal site on each tooth (molars, premolars, canines/incisors). In the CP group, the samples were obtained from patients at areas with ≥5 mm CAL, ≥6 mm PD and ≥30% bone loss. In gingivitis group, GCF samples were obtained from teeth with BOP and without CAL. In the healthy group, GCF samples were collected from teeth exhibiting PD<3 mm without CAL and BOP. Six GCF samples were collected from each patient. The area was isolated with cotton rolls, saliva contamination elimination was ensured, and it was slightly air dried. GCF was sampled with paper strips. Paper strips were placed into the crevice until mild resistance was felt (intracrevicular method) and left in the position for 30 seconds. Strips contaminated with blood or saliva were discarded. Each sampled strip was placed into a 400µl eppendorf centrifuge tube and stored at -40C until analyzed.

Five milliliters of venous blood was taken from antecubital vein by using a standard venipuncture method. Obtained blood sample was collected in vacutainer tubes and anti-coagulated with EDTA. The blood samples were then stored at -40C until required for use in ELISAs.

Power analysis indicated that 12 individuals for each group would be sufficient to achieve 80% power to detect a difference of 0.05 between the alternative and the null hypotheses.

The Shapiro Wilk test was used to investigate whether or not the data were normally distributed. Continuous variables with unequal variances were compared by means of Welch and Tamhane's T2 post-hoc test for BMI, PD, CAL and the levels of 8-OHdG. The comparison of the age, GI, PI and BOP was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test followed by post hoc group comparisons with the Bonferroni-adjusted Mann-Whitney U test. Paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the measurements at two points (baseline and after SRP). The Spearman's rank correlation test was also used to detect the relationship between biochemical and clinical findings.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 90

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 25 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

a population who received periodontal treatment at the Periodontology Department

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• never-smokers
• no history of systemic disease
• no patients had been under periodontal treatment and medicine for at least 6 months before the study
• no pregnancy or lactation
• no alcohol or antioxidant vitamin consumption.

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

6

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
obese-chronic periodontitis patients	Other: Procedure: Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva and Blood Sampling
obese-gingivitis patients	Other: Procedure: Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva and Blood Sampling
obese-periodontally healthy controls	Other: Procedure: Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva and Blood Sampling
normal weight-chronic periodontitis patients	Other: Procedure: Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva and Blood Sampling
normal weight-gingivitis patients	Other: Procedure: Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva and Blood Sampling
normal weight-periodontally healthy controls	Other: Procedure: Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva and Blood Sampling

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
plasma, saliva and GCF levels of 8-OHdG	baseline
plasma, saliva and GCF levels of 8-OHdG	a month after periodontal treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Bulent Ecevit University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 10, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 10, 2014
• First Posted (Estimate): December 12, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): December 12, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 10, 2014
• Last Verified: December 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Overweight; Body Weight; Obesity
• Other Study ID Numbers: 20136255051502