Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF)

Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid IL-1β, IL-10, IL-36γ Cytokine Levels in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Patients

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare GCF interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-36γ (IL-36γ) levels in patients with healthy (H), gingivitis (G) and chronic periodontitis (CP) status.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Periodontal Diseases
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Gingival crevicular fluid sampling

Detailed Description

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is formed when fluid exudes from the vessels of the microcirculation into the inflamed periodontal tissue and into the sulcus or pocket. As the fluid traverses the inflamed tissue, it is thought to pick up enzymes and other molecules that participate in the destructive process, as well as products of cell and tissue degradation. Efforts to develop diagnostic tests based on host factors have been focused almost entirely on analysis of GCF.

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare GCF interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-36γ (IL-36γ) levels in patients with healthy (H), gingivitis (G) and chronic periodontitis (CP) status.

Systemically healthy and non-smokers 80 participants (30 males and 50 females) who were selected from among admitting to Dentistry Faculty of Selcuk University were included in this study. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF samples were obtained. Samples were stored in -80 ˚C until analysis with Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA).

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 81

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients were selected from among admitting to Dentistry Faculty of Selcuk University.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Systemically healthy
• non-smokers,
• presence of at least 20 teeth in the mouth

Exclusion Criteria:

• receiving periodontal therapy in the last 6 months;
• receiving antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs in the last 6 months;
• currently pregnant or breastfeeding
• using a removable partial denture and removable or fixed orthodontic appliances.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Other
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Healthy; bleeding on probing (BoP) ≤ 10% of the sites, probing depth (PD) ≤ 3 mm and no indication of clinical attachment level (CAL) or radiographic bone loss	Diagnostic test: Gingival crevicular fluid sampling; GCF sampling and clinical periodontal measurements were performed
Gingivitis; gingival inflammation (BoP ≥ 10% of the sites, red-blue discoloration of the gingiva and edema) PD ≤ 4 mm and no clinical attachment or radiographic bone loss	Diagnostic test: Gingival crevicular fluid sampling; GCF sampling and clinical periodontal measurements were performed
Periodontitis; PD ≤ 5 mm, radiographic bone loss, and 3-4 mm CAL in at least 30% of the sites	Diagnostic test: Gingival crevicular fluid sampling; GCF sampling and clinical periodontal measurements were performed

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Interleukin-36γ (IL-36γ) levels in GCF	GCF samples were obtained from one interproximal site in each quadrant	Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Probing depth (PD)	PD; from six sites (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingual, disto-lingual locations) of each tooth other than third molars.	Baseline
Clinical attachment level (CAL)	CAL; from six sites (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingual, disto-lingual locations) of each tooth other than third molars.	Baseline
Bleeding on Probing (BoP)	BoP, from six sites (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingual, disto-lingual locations) of each tooth other than third molars	Baseline
IL-10 and IL-1β levels in GCF	GCF samples were obtained from one interproximal site in each quadrant	Baseline
Plaque Index (PI)	PI; from six sites (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingual, disto-lingual locations) of each tooth other than third molars	Baseline
Gingival Index (GI)	GI; from six sites (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingual, disto-lingual locations) of each tooth other than third molars	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Bezmialem Vakif University
• Collaborators: Selcuk University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Mehtikar Gürsel, Bezmialem University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 6, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 6, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): April 13, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 13, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 6, 2022
• Last Verified: April 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: cytokine; Gingival crevicular fluid; pathogenesis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Stomatognathic Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Periodontal Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2014/01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No
• IPD Plan Description: Results will be shared if requested

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No