Soybean Oil Trial of cArdiovascular Risk (STAR)

The Effect of High-Oleic Soybean Oil on Biomarkers of Risk for Metabolic Syndrome

The study will determine the effects of different types of soybean oils on biomarkers of risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There will be four 4-week diet periods in which participants will consume the following oils, within the context of a controlled diet: soybean oil, high-oleic soybean oil, blend of high oleic soybean oil & fully hydrogenated soybean oil, and blend of palm olein & palm stearin.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Disease; Diabetes; Metabolic Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Soybean oil; Other: High-oleic soybean oil; Other: High-oleic soybean oil + fully hydrogenated soybean oil; Other: Palm olein + palm stearin

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Beltsville, Maryland, United States, 20705
      • USDA-ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 30 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 30 to 70 years at beginning of study
• LDL-cholesterol between 120 and 160 mg/dl
• Less than 2+ risk factors for coronary heart disease (risk factors include: blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg or on blood pressure medication; HDL-cholesterol < 40 mg/dl; age greater than 45 yrs for males & greater than 55 yrs for females; family history of premature coronary heart disease (CHD in male first degree relative <55 years; CHD in female first degree relative <65 years)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of kidney disease, liver disease, gout, hyperthyroidism, untreated or unstable hypothyroidism, certain cancers, gastrointestinal disease, pancreatic disease, other metabolic diseases, or malabsorption syndromes
• Use of prescription or over-the-counter medications or supplements that alter lipid metabolism.
• Women who have given birth during the previous 12 months
• Pregnant women or women who plan to become pregnant or become pregnant during the study
• Lactating women
• Type 2 diabetes requiring the use of oral antidiabetic agents or insulin
• History of bariatric or certain other surgeries related to weight control
• Use of prescription or over-the-counter antiobesity medications or supplements (e.g., phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, caffeine) during and for at least 6 months prior to the start of the study or a history of a surgical intervention for obesity
• Unwillingness to abstain from herbal supplements for two weeks prior to the study and during the study
• Smokers or other tobacco users (during 6 months prior to the start of the study)
• History of eating disorders or other dietary patterns which are not consistent with the dietary intervention (e.g., vegetarians, very low fat diets, high protein diets)
• Known (self-reported) allergy or adverse reaction to study foods
• Active cardiovascular disease (such as a heart attack or procedure within the past three months or participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program within the last three months, stroke, or history/treatment for transient ischemic attacks in the past three months, or documented history of pulmonary embolus in the past six months)
• Unable or unwilling to give informed consent or communicate with study staff
• Self-report of alcohol or substance abuse within the past 12 months and/or current acute treatment or rehabilitation program for these problems (long-term participation in Alcoholics Anonymous is not an exclusion)
• Other medical, psychiatric, or behavioral factors that in the judgment of the Principal Investigator may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Soybean oil	Other: Soybean oil; Participants will be fed soybean oil as part of a controlled (typical American) diet.
Experimental: High-oleic soybean oil	Other: High-oleic soybean oil; Participants will be fed high-oleic soybean oil as part of a controlled (typical American) diet.
Experimental: High-oleic soybean oil + fully hydrogenated soybean oil	Other: High-oleic soybean oil + fully hydrogenated soybean oil; Participants will be fed a blend of high-oleic soybean oil and fully hydrogenated soybean oil as part of a controlled (typical American) diet.
Active Comparator: Palm olein + palm stearin	Other: Palm olein + palm stearin; Participants will be fed a blend of palm olein + palm stearin as part of a controlled (typical American) diet.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in lipid profile	Lipids and lipoproteins, such as total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerides, Apo AI, ApoAII, ApoB, apolipoprotein size, and cholesterol ester composition, will be measured in the blood.	At baseline and end of each 4-week diet period

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in systemic inflammation	Markers of systemic inflammation will be measured, such as IL-6, CRP, and isoprostanes.	At baseline and end of each 4-week diet period
Change in hemostasis	Markers of hemostasis will be measured, such as fibrinogen and factor VIIc.	At baseline and end of each 4-week diet period
Change in oxidation	Markers of oxidation will be measured, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, vitamin E, oxidized LDL, lipid hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde.	At baseline and end of each 4-week diet period
Change in vascular health	Markers of vascular health will be measured, such as ICAM, VCAM, eSelectin, and blood pressure.	At baseline and end of each 4-week diet period
Change in glucose	Fasting blood glucose will be measured.	At baseline and end of each 4-week diet period
Change in insulin	Fasting insulin will be measured.	At baseline and end of each 4-week diet period
Change in body composition	Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; fat and lean mass, visceral fat) will be measured.	At baseline and end of each 4-week diet period
Change in waist circumference		At baseline and end of each 4-week diet period

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Study Volunteers Website: Click on "Current Studies" to get more information about the STAR study.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 18, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 25, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): March 31, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): May 12, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 10, 2016
• Last Verified: May 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Prevention
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Disease; Insulin Resistance; Hyperinsulinism; Cardiovascular Diseases; Syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: HS50