Coffee Roasting and Glucose Tolerance

Acute Effects of Light and Dark Roasted Coffee on Glucose Tolerance: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial in Healthy Volunteers

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) in coffee may lower the postprandial glucose response. CGA is destroyed by dark roasting. In a controlled crossover trial, 11 healthy fasted volunteers consumed 300 mL of either light (LIR) or dark (DAR) roasted coffee, or water, followed 30 min later by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Plasma glukose and insulin, appetite, and plasma and urine metabolic profiles will be analysed. The primary aim is to investigate whether roasting affects the postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Oral Glucose Tolerance
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: DAR; Other: LIR; Other: CTR

Detailed Description

Epidemiologic evidence suggests that coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Coffee contains caffeine and several other components that may modulate glucose regulation. The chlorogenic acids (CGA) in coffee have been indicated as constituents that may help to normalize the acute glucose response after a carbohydrate challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate whether two coffee beverages that differ in CGA content due to different roasting degrees will affect glucose regulation differently.

In a controlled crossover trial, 11 healthy fasted volunteers consumed 300 mL of either light roasted (LIR) or dark roasted (DAR) coffee, or water, followed 30 min later by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Blood samples were drawn at baseline, 30, 60 and 120 min. Differences in glucose and insulin responses and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were analyzed. The CGA and caffeine contents in the coffees were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 11
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Denmark
  • Frederiksberg, Denmark, 1958
    • Department of Nutrition, Exercise and sports, University of Copenhagen

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Body mass index (BMI) of 18.0-30.0 kg/m2 and with no known diseases

Exclusion Criteria:

• systemic infections,
• psychiatric or metabolic disorders,
• known food allergies or intolerances related to the products used in the study (e.g. dairy or gluten),
• ongoing or former drug abuse,
• high intake of alcohol (defined as a weekly intake of >7 units for women and > 14 units for men),
• pregnancy or ongoing planning of pregnancy,
• vegetarianism or veganism,
• participation in other scientific studies during the study period, and
• blood donation during - or in the month leading up to - the study period

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Sequence A; The meal study was performed with dark roast coffee (DAR), light roast coffe (LIR), or water (CTR) in a random sequence. Sequance A was DAR-LIR-CTR	Other: DAR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast containing low levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast + OGTT; Other: LIR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a light roast containing high levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a light roast + OGTT; Other: CTR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of water containing no chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of water + OGTT
Experimental: Sequence B; The meal study was performed with dark roast coffee (DAR), light roast coffe (LIR), or water (CTR) in a random sequence. Sequance B was DAR-CTR-LIR	Other: DAR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast containing low levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast + OGTT; Other: LIR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a light roast containing high levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a light roast + OGTT; Other: CTR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of water containing no chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of water + OGTT
Experimental: Sequance C; The meal study was performed with dark roast coffee (DAR), light roast coffe (LIR), or water (CTR) in a random sequence. Sequance C was LIR-DAR-CTR	Other: DAR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast containing low levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast + OGTT; Other: LIR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a light roast containing high levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a light roast + OGTT; Other: CTR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of water containing no chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of water + OGTT
Experimental: Sequence D; The meal study was performed with dark roast coffee (DAR), light roast coffe (LIR), or water (CTR) in a random sequence. Sequance D was LIR-CTR-DAR	Other: DAR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast containing low levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast + OGTT; Other: LIR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a light roast containing high levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a light roast + OGTT; Other: CTR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of water containing no chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of water + OGTT
Experimental: Sequence E; The meal study was performed with dark roast coffee (DAR), light roast coffe (LIR), or water (CTR) in a random sequence. Sequance E was CTR-DAR-LIR	Other: DAR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast containing low levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast + OGTT; Other: LIR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a light roast containing high levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a light roast + OGTT; Other: CTR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of water containing no chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of water + OGTT
Experimental: Sequence F; The meal study was performed with dark roast coffee (DAR), light roast coffe (LIR), or water (CTR) in a random sequence. Sequance F was CTR-LIR-DAR	Other: DAR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast containing low levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a dark roast + OGTT; Other: LIR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of coffee with a light roast containing high levels of chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of coffee with a light roast + OGTT; Other: CTR; Volunteers ingested 300 mL of water containing no chlorogenic acids followed 30 min later by by 75g glucose and 300 mL water; Other Names: 300 mL of water + OGTT

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Plasma glucose Area Under the Curve (Glucose AUC)	The area under the plasma glucose concentration curve was calculated from 0-120min after 75g glucose was ingested.	0-120 min

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Plasma glucose concentrations	changes in the glucose concentration determined by a mixed model analysis and subsequently at each time point with time 0 as a co-variate.	30, 60 and120 min
Serum Insulin Area Under the Curve	Area under the curve (AUC) for serum insulin	0-120 min
Serum insulin concentrations	changes in the insulin concentration determined by a mixed model analysis and subsequently at each time point with time 0 as a co-variate.	30, 60 and120 min
ISI(0-120)	Matsuda's Insulin sensitivity index	0-120min
Metabolic profile in plasma	Metabolic profile of plasma measured in all samples collected before the meal and postprandially from 0-120 min as well as in samples collected up to 24 hrs later.	0-24 hours
Metabolic profile in urine	Metabolic profile of urine samples measured in all samples collected before the meal and postprandially from 0-120 min 120-240min as well as in samples collected up to 24 hrs later.	0-24 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Copenhagen

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): November 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 11, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 11, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): April 15, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 12, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 11, 2017
• Last Verified: December 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Insulin; Metabolomics; Appetite; Coffee; Chlorogenic acid
• Other Study ID Numbers: M217