Effects of SGLT-2 Inhibition on Hepatic Glucose and Energy Metabolism

Acute Effects of Sodium GlucOse Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibition on Hepatic Glucose and Energy Metabolism

Inhibition of SGLT2 by specific inhibitors has been shown to reduce the renal threshold for glucose excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and control subjects leading to significant renal glucose loss even in the presence of normal glucose concentrations. SGLT2 inhibition with canagliflozin induces a 24h urinary glucose loss of around 70g in healthy subjects.

Recent studies indicate that under fasting and postprandial conditions administration of SGLT-2 inhibitors leads to increase in endogenous (hepatic) glucose production (EGP) potentially counteracting the glucose lowering potency of these drugs. Dapagliflozin has been shown to acutely increase endogenous glucose production (EGP) and plasma glucagon concentrations under postabsorptive conditions within 2 hours after drug ingestion in patients with (T2DM). Glucagon binds to receptors in the liver and activates hepatic gluconeogenesis (GNG) and glycogenolysis, likely contributing to the observed increase in EGP.

So far the likely interrelation between acute changes in hepatic glucose metabolism and energy turnover contributing to increased hepatic glucose production induced by SGLT2 inhibition has not been studied. It is known that out of the 80% of oxygen consumption coupled to ATP synthesis, 7- 10% is used by GNG. However, so far the effects of dapagliflozin on acute changes in gluconeogenesis (GNG) and ATP turnover in hepatic tissue and on the time course of hormones involved in hypoglycaemia counter regulation have not been studied.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes; Metabolically Healthy Controls
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Placebo; Drug: Dapagliflozin

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 20
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Austria
  • Vienna, Austria, 1090
    • Recruiting
    • Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III
    • Contact: Peter Wolf, MD; Phone Number: 004314040043110; Email: peter.wolf@meduniwien.ac.at

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion criteria for diabetic patients:

• Type 2 diabetes
• BMI 23 - 35 kg/m2
• Age between 18 - 75 years
• HbA1c < 7.5% while on dietary treatment only or treatment!with!up!to!two!oral!antidiabetic! agents!including!metformin,!alphaAglucosidase!inhibitor,!sulfonyl!urea!or!DPPAIV!inhibitor.
• Must have given written informed consent and be able to comply with all study requirements
• Males or females. Aged 18 to 75 years, inclusive, at the time of informed consent
• Females: Non-pregnant and non-lactating; surgically sterile (e.g., tubal occlusion, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, bilateral oophorectomy), post-menopausal (defined as 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea in females > 55 years of age or, in females ≤ 55 years, 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea without an alternative medical cause and FSH levels in the postmenopausal range for the laboratory involved), abstinent, or if engaged in sexual relations of child-bearing potential, subject is using an acceptable contraceptive method.
• Body Mass Index (BMI) 23 - 35 kg/m2
• Agree to maintain current diet and exercise regimen. Agree to abstain from alcoholic beverages for at least 48 hours prior to clinic visits and not increase alcohol consumption during the study

Exclusion criteria for diabetic patients:

• smoking
• pregnancy
• treatment with more than 2 oral antidiabetic agents or treatment with insulin / SGLT2 inhibitor
• regular medication
• tendency towards claustrophobia
• metal devices or other magnetic material in or on the subjects body which will be hazardous for NMR investigation [heart pacemaker, brain (aneurysm) clip, nerve stimulators, electrodes, ear implants, post coronary by-pass graft (epicardial pace wires), penile implants, colored contact lenses, patch to deliver medications through the skin, coiled spring intrauterine device, vascular filter for blood clots, orthodontic braces, shunt-spinal or ventricular, any metal implants (rods, joints, plates, pins, screws, nails, or clips), embolization coil, or any metal fragments or shrapnel in the body].
• Severe hepatic insufficiency and/or significant abnormal liver function defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >3x upper limit of normal (ULN) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >3x ULN, Total bilirubin >2.0 mg/dL (34.2 μmol/L), positive serologic evidence of current infectious liver disease including Hepatitis B viral antibody IGM, Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis C virus antibody
• Creatinine Clearance: <60 mL/min (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula) or a measured serum creatinine value of >1.5 mg/dL (133 μmol/L) for male patients and >1.4 mg/dL (124 μmol/L) for female patients, History of unstable or rapidly progressing renal disease
• History of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) requiring medical intervention (eg, emergency room visit and/or hospitalization) within 1 month prior to the Screening visit.
• Volume depleted patients.

• Recent Cardiovascular Events in a patient:

  • Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) within 2 months prior to enrolment
  • Hospitalization for unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction within 2 months prior to enrolment
  • Acute Stroke or TIA within two months prior to enrolment
  • Less than two months post coronary artery revascularization
• Congestive heart failure defined as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV, unstable or acute congestive heart failure.
• Treatment with insulin, thiazolidinedione (e.g., pioglitazone), GLP-1 agonist, SGLT2 and other drugs that may affect plasma glucose level (including systemic glucocorticoids) within 3 months prior to screening

Exclusion criteria for healthy controls:

• Clinically!significant!abnormalities!in!medical!history!or!physical!examination + smoking
• regular medication
• pregnancy, breast feeding
• tendency towards claustrophobia
• metal devices or other magnetic material in or on the subjects body which will be hazardous for NMR investigation [heart pacemaker, brain (aneurysm) clip, nerve stimulators, electrodes, ear implants, post coronary by-pass graft (epicardial pace wires), penile implants, colored contact lenses, patch to deliver medications through the skin, coiled spring intrauterine device, vascular filter for blood clots, orthodontic braces, shunt-spinal or ventricular, any metal implants (rods, joints, plates, pins, screws, nails, or clips), embolization coil, or any metal fragments or shrapnel in the body].
• Hepatic insufficiency and/or significant abnormal liver function defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >3x upper limit of normal (ULN) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >3x ULN, Total bilirubin >2.0 mg/dL (34.2 μmol/L), positive serologic evidence of current infectious liver disease including Hepatitis B viral antibody IGM, Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis C virus antibody
• Creatinine Clearance: <60 mL/min (calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula) or a measured serum creatinine value of >1.5 mg/dL (133 μmol/L) for male patients and >1.4 mg/dL (124 μmol/L) for female patients, History of unstable or rapidly progressing renal disease
• Volume depleted patients. Patients at risk for volume depletion due to co-existing conditions

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: patients dapa; Patients will be administered Dapagliflozin 10mg	Drug: Dapagliflozin
Placebo Comparator: patients placebo; Patients will be administered a placebo	Drug: Placebo
Active Comparator: controls dapa; controls will be administered Dapagliflozin 10mg	Drug: Dapagliflozin
Placebo Comparator: controls placebo; controls will be administered a placebo	Drug: Placebo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Change in endogenous glucose production	420 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Change in hepatic gluconeogenesis	420 minutes
Change in hepatic lipid content	420 minutes
Change in hepatic glycogen content	420 minutes
Changes in hepatic ATP concentrations	420 minutes
Changes in hormones involved in hypoglycemia counter regulation	420 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Medical University of Vienna

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Wolf P, Fellinger P, Pfleger L, Beiglbock H, Krumpolec P, Barbieri C, Gastaldelli A, Harreiter J, Metz M, Scherer T, Zeyda M, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Marculescu R, Trattnig S, Kautzky-Willer A, Krssak M, Krebs M. Gluconeogenesis, But Not Glycogenolysis, Contributes to the Increase in Endogenous Glucose Production by SGLT-2 Inhibition. Diabetes Care. 2021 Feb;44(2):541-548. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1983. Epub 2020 Dec 14.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): December 1, 2017
• Study Completion (Anticipated): June 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 22, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 22, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): September 23, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): September 27, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 26, 2016
• Last Verified: September 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Hypoglycemic Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Dapagliflozin
• Other Study ID Numbers: GOETHE_V2