- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT02570347
Routine Antibiotic vs. Directed Antibiotic Treatment in Snake Bite (RADIANS)
Routine vs. Clinically-Directed Antibiotic Treatment in Snake Bite With Local Envenomation: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Snake bite is a common clinical problem in India and elsewhere, affecting agricultural workers and rural population, resulting in thousands of deaths every year. Apart from causing systemic manifestations such as coagulopathy, acute renal failure, and neuroparalysis, local effects of the venom manifest as swelling of the bitten limb. Despite administration of adequate antivenom, the limb swelling progresses in the first 48-72 hours accompanied by considerable pain. Often the limb swelling is accompanied by formation of blebs and gangrenous skin changes. At times, the limb swelling is severe enough to result in compartment syndrome, necessitating surgical interventions such as fasciotomy and debridement. Animal bites are typically associated with a risk of infection by the oral flora. Likewise, apart from releasing the venom, inoculation of oral flora as a result of snake bite could result in local infectious complications adding to the deleterious effects of the snake venom.
Observational studies suggest that the risk of infection following simple bites on the lower limbs is much less than what is often believed, and evidence from clinical trials also does not support routine use of antibiotics in snake bite. For this reason, clinical practice guidelines do not recommend routine prophylactic use of antibiotics in snake bite. But, in reality, many clinicians continue to use antibiotics routinely in all venomous snake bites hoping to prevent a local infection. While such a strategy may not reduce the risk of infection, it would result in overuse of antibiotics promoting antimicrobial resistance and escalating treatment costs.
The investigators hypothesize that clinically-directed use of antibiotics would be non-inferior to routine use in preventing local infectious complications of snake bite, while being superior in reducing the antibiotic consumption. Non-inferiority would be inferred if the one-sided 95% CI of the difference does not exceed 10% in favour of the routine use arm.
Study Type
Enrollment (Anticipated)
Phase
- Phase 4
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Tamilarasu Kadhiravan, M.D.
- Phone Number: 6244 +91-413-2296000
- Email: kadhir@jipmer.edu.in
Study Contact Backup
- Name: Aditya Gautam, M.B.,B.S.
- Phone Number: +91-9047460760
- Email: aytida.gautam@gmail.com
Study Locations
-
-
Puducherry
-
Pondicherry, Puducherry, India, 605006
- Recruiting
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research
-
Principal Investigator:
- Tamilarasu Kadhiravan, M.D.
-
Sub-Investigator:
- Chanaveerappa Bammigatti, M.D.
-
Sub-Investigator:
- Aditya Gautam, M.B.,B.S.
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age 18-65 years
- History of snake bite with features of local envenomation with/without systemic features
- Less than 24 hours since bite, AND
- No prior antibiotic treatment
Exclusion Criteria:
- Upper limb bites
- Multiple (> 1) bites
- Wound manipulation
- Extensive local necrosis or blebs
- Seriously-ill patients with hypotension/capillary leak/life threatening bleeding.
- Suspected cobra bite, OR
- Pregnant/breast-feeding women
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Single
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: Routine use arm
All participants allocated to this arm will be given
Use of antibiotics for emergent indications unrelated to the bitten limb such as nosocomial infections would be allowed at the treating physician's discretion. |
Injection Co-amoxiclav 1.2 g intravenously q8h for a minimum of 48-72 hours; switched to oral Co-amoxiclav 625 mg b.i.d.
when clinically appropriate.
Other Names:
Injection Tetanus toxoid 0.5 ml intramuscularly Stat
|
Experimental: Clinically-directed use arm
Participants allocated to this arm will be given
Use of antibiotics for emergent indications unrelated to the bitten limb such as nosocomial infections would be allowed at the treating physician's discretion. |
Injection Co-amoxiclav 1.2 g intravenously q8h for a minimum of 48-72 hours; switched to oral Co-amoxiclav 625 mg b.i.d.
when clinically appropriate.
Other Names:
Injection Tetanus toxoid 0.5 ml intramuscularly Stat
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Clinical failure
Time Frame: up to 4 weeks
|
Defined as occurrence of any one of the following on daily assessments - Abscess formation at any point of time; Surgical debridement/fasciotomy at any time; Worsening limb swelling beyond 72-96 hours or appearance of necrosis or blebs along with any one of the following: fever, persistent or worsening leucocytosis, or global deterioration on clinical assessment.
|
up to 4 weeks
|
Antibiotic consumption
Time Frame: up to 4 weeks
|
Defined as the total amount of all antibiotics consumed regardless of clinical indication expressed in terms of defined daily doses (DDD).
|
up to 4 weeks
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Length of hospital stay
Time Frame: up to 4 weeks
|
Number of days from hospital admission until discharge
|
up to 4 weeks
|
Anti-snake venom consumption
Time Frame: up to 4 weeks
|
The total number of vials of the anti-venom administered including doses received prior to being brought to JIPMER.
|
up to 4 weeks
|
New-onset organ failure
Time Frame: up to 4 weeks
|
This includes acute kidney injury (AKI) defined as peak serum creatinine > 2 mg/dL, shock defined as systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg requiring use of vasopressors; bleeding from any site necessitating transfusion of blood/blood products; and capillary leak syndrome.
|
up to 4 weeks
|
Death/need for surgical intervention
Time Frame: up to 4 weeks
|
This would be a composite measure of death and/or need for surgical intervention.
Death indicates in-hospital death due to any cause during the index hospitalisation.
Surgical intervention would include need for any surgical intervention such as incision and drainage of abscess, wound debridement for necrosis or gangrene, fasciotomy for compartment syndrome, etc.
|
up to 4 weeks
|
Drug-related adverse events
Time Frame: up to 4 weeks
|
Any suspected or confirmed adverse drug reaction
|
up to 4 weeks
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Tamilarasu Kadhiravan, M.D., Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Terry P, Mackway-Jones K. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. The use of antibiotics in venomous snake bite. Emerg Med J. 2002 Jan;19(1):48-9. doi: 10.1136/emj.19.1.48.
- Terry P, Mackway-Jones K. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Antibiotics in non-venomous snakebite. Emerg Med J. 2002 Mar;19(2):142. doi: 10.1136/emj.19.2.142.
- Jorge MT, Malaque C, Ribeiro LA, Fan HW, Cardoso JL, Nishioka SA, Sano-Martins IS, Franca FO, Kamiguti AS, Theakston RD, Warrell DA. Failure of chloramphenicol prophylaxis to reduce the frequency of abscess formation as a complication of envenoming by Bothrops snakes in Brazil: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Sep;98(9):529-34. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2003.12.009.
- Kularatne SA, Kumarasiri PV, Pushpakumara SK, Dissanayaka WP, Ariyasena H, Gawarammana IB, Senanayake N. Routine antibiotic therapy in the management of the local inflammatory swelling in venomous snakebites: results of a placebo-controlled study. Ceylon Med J. 2005 Dec;50(4):151-5. doi: 10.4038/cmj.v50i4.1405.
- Kerrigan KR, Mertz BL, Nelson SJ, Dye JD. Antibiotic prophylaxis for pit viper envenomation: prospective, controlled trial. World J Surg. 1997 May;21(4):369-72; discussion 372-3. doi: 10.1007/pl00012255.
- Mohapatra B, Warrell DA, Suraweera W, Bhatia P, Dhingra N, Jotkar RM, Rodriguez PS, Mishra K, Whitaker R, Jha P; Million Death Study Collaborators. Snakebite mortality in India: a nationally representative mortality survey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Apr 12;5(4):e1018. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001018.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Anticipated)
Study Completion (Anticipated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- JIP/IEC/2015/17/649
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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