Mechanisms Underlying Predictors of Success From Obesity Surgery

The goal of this project is to identify predictors of success in the treatment of obesity after bariatric surgery. The specific aims of this proposal are to:

1. Employ behavioral tests of mechanisms that control food intake in normal weight individuals, to determine which intake control mechanisms lead to changes after Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG); and
2. Measure behavioral and psycho-social predictors of weight loss and food intake reduction, so as to determine which are most predictive of successful weight loss and food intake reduction.
3. Account for success in reduction of food intake brought about by the pattern of hormone release, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), Peptide YY (PYY) and gastric distention, known to underlie satiation, coupled with post-ingestive changes in reinforcing value of food and motivation to consume.

Tests of the hypothesis will be done by measuring responses to tasting, working for, and consuming, foods on sensory, motivational, cognitive, and physiological variables, including amount consumed and rate of eating under standardized conditions, before surgery and at a two year follow up visit. In addition, the inhibitor sitagliptin will be administered the night before and day of test meal and exendin-9-39 (EX9) will be infused before and during the meal to determine whether blockade of GLP-1 / PYY receptors after surgery reverses intake reduction. Investigators predict that successful patients will show changes that favor reduction in food intake, rate of eating, motivation to consume, reward value of foods, and a hormone profile that has been shown to generate satiation and maintain reduction in intake (e.g. increased Cholecystokinin (CCK), GLP-1, PYY, reduced ghrelin). To the extent that psycho-social and cognitive factors may override physiological brakes to eating behavior, the subjects may fail to achieve success, and consequently the failure may be predicted from over-impulsiveness or inability to suppress working for rewarding food stimuli. To test these hypotheses, a total of 83 patients will be enrolled prior to RYGB/SG and restudied 2 years after the surgery. The sitagliptin / EX9 studies will be done in a subset of 32 completers. To test this aim, patients will be divided into 4 groups of 19. The 4 patients from each group with the most weight loss (% weight loss ≥35 at 2 years post-surgery, 16 patients in total) and least weight loss (% weight loss of ≤25 at two years 16 patients in total) will be recruited for these two additional post-operative visits within one year of completing Visit #3 after the RYGB/SG surgery. A total of 32 patients will be recruited for visits 4 and 5.

Study Overview

• Status: Withdrawn
• Conditions: Obesity
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Exendin 9-39 and Sitagliptin; Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

Obesity is a major public health as well as economic (expense of treating) problem world-wide, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) surgeries are effective treatments. A barrier to progress is that between 25% and 40% patients were not successful in achieving and maintaining at least 30% weight loss, which is considered medically successful for this operation. Understanding the mechanisms that contribute to success or failure of this operation is an unsolved problem in obesity research, which this proposal is addressing. The focus of this project is to identify mechanisms that contribute to suppression of food intake following bariatric surgery, and to investigate whether these mechanisms predict long-term success following bariatric surgery

• Study Type: Interventional
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10025
      • Mount Sinai - Morningside

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMI >35 kg/m2 BMI
• BMI < 65 kg/m2
• Preparing to undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or gastric sleeve (RYGB/GS) surgery at St. Luke-Roosevelt Hospital
• Within the 18-65 age range
• Blood pressure under <160/100 mmHg
• Fasting triglyceride <600 mg/dl
• No recent (last 6 months) history of cardiovascular disease.
• Prior history of angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery with a normal stress test will not be a contraindication.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diabetes Mellitus
• Active cancer
• Unstable angina
• Recent stroke
• Current therapy that may affect glucose metabolism such as glucocorticoids, adrenergic agents
• Active infection
• Kidney failure
• Severe liver dysfunction
• Heavy alcohol use
• Severe respiratory or cardiac failure
• Pancreatitis
• History of bullous pemphigoid
• Pregnancy
• Patients who are currently or have had prior GLP-1 therapy.
• Patients with known hypersensitivity to Exendin 9-39 or similar products, albumin, sitagliptin and/or acetaminophen will also be excluded.

Additional exclusions for visits 4 and 5 ONLY:

• Patients at risk for heart disease, such as patients with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and history of heart failure
• Renal impairment (eGFR˂60 Ml/MIN/1.73 M2)
• History of exfoliative skin conditions in particularly if occurring with a DPP-4 inhibitor use
• History of bullous pemphigoid and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
• Masking: DOUBLE

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Successful drug; Participants who have a % weight loss ≥35 at 2 years post RYGB/SG surgery will be administered sitagliptin and receive infusion of Exendin 9-39 prior to an intake test. Drug: Exendin 9-39 Infusion of exendin 9-39 at the rate of 600 pmol/kg/min, infusion time 80 minutes. An average of 18.2mg will be infused in a forearm vein during an oral glucose (30g) preload. Drug: Sitagliptin 100mg tablet will be administered at 2200 hours the night before the visit. The day of the visit, the patient will take another 100mg tablet at 0700 hours.	Drug: Exendin 9-39 and Sitagliptin; Infusion of exendin 9-39 at the rate of 600 pmol/kg/min, infusion time 80 minutes. An average of 18.2mg will be infused in a forearm vein during an oral glucose (30g) preload. 100mg tablet will be administered at 2200 hours the night before the visit. The day of the visit, the patient will take another 100mg tablet at 0700 hours.
EXPERIMENTAL: Unsuccessful drug; Participants who have a % weight loss of ≤25 at two years post RYGB/SG surgery will be administered Sitagliptin and receive infusion of Exendin 9-39 prior to an intake test. Drug: Exendin 9-39 Infusion of exendin 9-39 at the rate of 600 pmol/kg/min, infusion time 80 minutes. An average of 18.2mg will be infused in a forearm vein during an oral glucose (30g) preload. Drug: Sitagliptin 100mg tablet will be administered at 2200 hours the night before the visit. The day of the visit, the patient will take another 100mg tablet at 0700 hours.	Drug: Exendin 9-39 and Sitagliptin; Infusion of exendin 9-39 at the rate of 600 pmol/kg/min, infusion time 80 minutes. An average of 18.2mg will be infused in a forearm vein during an oral glucose (30g) preload. 100mg tablet will be administered at 2200 hours the night before the visit. The day of the visit, the patient will take another 100mg tablet at 0700 hours.
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Success placebo; Participants who have a % weight loss ≥35 at 2 years post RYGB/SG surgery will be administered a placebo and receive a placebo infusion prior to an intake test. Drug: Placebo Infusion of 0.9% saline solution (placebo infusion) for 80 minutes. An average of 18.2mg will be infused in a forearm vein during an oral glucose (30g) preload. Drug: Placebo 100mg tablet will be administered at 2200 hours the night before the visit. The day of the visit, the patient will take another 100mg tablet at 0700 hours.	Drug: Placebo; Infusion of 0.9% saline solution (placebo infusion) for 80 minutes. An average of 18.2mg will be infused in a forearm vein during an oral glucose (30g) preload. 100mg Placebo tablet will be administered at 2200 hours the night before the visit. The day of the visit, the patient will take another 100mg placebo tablet at 0700 hours.
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Unsuccess placebo; Participants who have a % weight loss of ≤25 at two years post RYGB/SG surgery will be administered a placebo and receive a placebo infusion prior to an intake test. Drug: Placebo Infusion of 0.9% saline solution (placebo infusion) for 80 minutes. An average of 18.2mg will be infused in a forearm vein during an oral glucose (30g) preload. Drug: Placebo 100mg tablet will be administered at 2200 hours the night before the visit. The day of the visit, the patient will take another 100mg tablet at 0700 hours.	Drug: Placebo; Infusion of 0.9% saline solution (placebo infusion) for 80 minutes. An average of 18.2mg will be infused in a forearm vein during an oral glucose (30g) preload. 100mg Placebo tablet will be administered at 2200 hours the night before the visit. The day of the visit, the patient will take another 100mg placebo tablet at 0700 hours.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Successful Weight Loss	% Excess body weight lost	2 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Intake amount in grams consumed in a food intake capacity test	Intake amount in grams consumed in a food intake capacity test	2 years
Fullness levels based on a rating scale after food intake capacity test	Fullness levels based on a rating scale after food intake capacity test	2 years
Sickness levels based on a rating scale after food intake capacity test	Sickness levels based on a rating scale after food intake capacity test	2 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
• Collaborators: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Harry Kissileff, PhD, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): July 29, 2021
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): July 29, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 23, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 26, 2016
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): March 3, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): November 15, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 14, 2022
• Last Verified: November 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: GLP-1; Weight Loss; Food Intake; Exendin 9-39; Roux-en-Y Bariatric Surgery; Psychosocial Variables; Behavioral Variables; Reinforcing Value of Food
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Overweight; Body Weight; Obesity; Hypoglycemic Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Protease Inhibitors; Incretins; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Sitagliptin Phosphate
• Other Study ID Numbers: GCO 15-1990; R01DK108643 (NIH); AAAQ1904 (OTHER: Columbia University Medical Center)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No