APixaban vs. PhenpRocoumon in Patients With ACS and AF: APPROACH-ACS-AF (APPROACH)

APixaban Versus PhenpRocoumon: Oral AntiCoagulation Plus Antiplatelet tHerapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and Atrial Fibrillation

It is hypothesised that a dual therapy strategy by oral anticoagulation with the new Factor-Xa-inhibitor apixaban plus clopidogrel is superior to a triple therapy regimen with phenprocoumon plus acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel with respect to avoiding bleeding events in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the setting of an acute coronary syndrome.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease; Atrial Fibrillation; Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Dual Therapy; Other: Triple Therapy

Detailed Description

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) presenting an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and undergoing PCI require a triple therapy with a combination of oral anticoagulation (OAC) and dual anti-platelet therapy. Current guidelines recommend a regimen consisting of aspirin, clopidogrel and an oral anticoagulant. Although effective in preventing recurrent ischemia, triple therapy confers an elevated bleeding risk, which also has a major impact on the patients' prognosis and survival. Data from one randomized trial suggest that omitting aspirin in patients with indication for triple therapy may reduce the risk of bleeding without an increase of the rate of ischemic events. In addition, the recently introduced non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) show less bleeding events as compared to vitamin-K antagonist in AF patients. In this trial it is postulated that a dual therapy consisting of the factor-Xa inhibitor apixaban and clopidogrel is associated with significant lower bleeding rates as compared to traditional triple therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel and a vitamin K antagonist (VKA). To test this hypothesis, patients with atrial fibrillation, who underwent PCI in the setting of an ACS will be randomized to either a dual therapy (apixaban+clopidogrel) or a triple therapy (aspirin+clopiodgrel+VKA). The patients will be followed-up for 6 months after randomization.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 403
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Germany
  • Aachen, Germany
    • Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen
  • Berlin, Germany
    • Charite, Campus Benjamin Franklin
  • Berlin, Germany
    • Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum
  • Coburg, Germany
    • Klinikum Coburg
  • Essen, Germany
    • Westdeutsches Herzzentrum am Universitätsklinikum
  • Greifswald, Germany
    • Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
  • Göttingen, Germany
    • Universitatsmedizin Gottingen
  • Heidelberg, Germany
    • Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
  • Kiel, Germany
    • UKHS Campus Kiel
  • Lüdenscheid, Germany
    • Klinikum Lüdenscheid
  • Mainz, Germany
    • Universitätsmedizin Mainz
  • Mannheim, Germany
    • Universitätsklinikum Mannheim
  • München, Germany
    • Klinikum Augustinum
  • München, Germany
    • Städtisches Klinikum München-Neuperlach
  • Rostock, Germany
    • Universitätsmedizin Rostock
  • Bavaria
    • Munich, Bavaria, Germany, 81377
      • Munich University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Signed written informed consent
• Patients with an ACS after successful percutaneous coronary intervention
• Indication for oral anticoagulation due to non-valvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (CHA2DS2VASc score ≥ 2)
• Males and Females, ages ≥ 18
• Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test (minimum sensitivity 25 IU/L or equivalent units of HCG) within 24 hours prior to the start of study drug.
• Women must not be breastfeeding
• WOCBP must agree to follow instructions for method(s) of contraception for the duration of treatment with study drugs plus 30 days (duration of ovulatory cycle) post-treatment completion. However they must still undergo pregnancy testing.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age < 18 years
• History of intracranial bleeding
• Active bleeding
• History of TIMI major bleeding according to TIMI and/or type ≥3b BARC criteria in the last 6 months
• History of peptic ulcer in the last 6 months
• Subjects with a history of a complicated or prolonged cardiogenic shock in the last two weeks prior to randomization. A complicated or prolonged cardiogenic shock is defined by a cardiogenic shock that required mechanical ventilation or the cardiovascular support with positive inotropic drugs (i.v. catecholamine) for ≥7 days
• Planned major surgery during the study course with planned discontinuation of antithrombotic therapy
• Expected life expectancy of less than a year and/or severe illness (e.g. malignancy)
• Mechanical valve replacement
• Valvular atrial fibrillation
• Severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 30ml/min)
• Severe liver insufficiency (Child-Pugh-class C) or elevated hepatic transaminases >2 times the upper limit of normal
• Patient's inability to fully comply with the study protocol
• Known or persistent abuse of medication, drugs or alcohol reliable by the investigator in individual cases
• Subjects with known contraindications to apixaban, phenprocoumon, clopidogrel or ASA treatment, which are hypersensitive to the drug substance or any component of the product
• Relevant hematologic deviations: platelet count < 50 G/L or platelet count > 600 G/L
• Current or planned pregnancy or nursing women, women 90 days after childbirth. Females of childbearing potential, who do not use and are not willing to use medically reliable methods of contraception for the entire study duration (such as oral, injectable, or implantable contraceptives, or intrauterine contraceptive devices) unless they are surgically sterilized / hysterectomized or there are any other criteria considered sufficiently

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Dual therapy (incl. NOAC); Apixaban plus Clopidogrel	Other: Dual Therapy; Combination of Apixaban 5mg/dl (or in reduced dosing of 2.5 mg/d depending on age, renal function and body weight) in combination with Clopidogrel 75 mg/d for 6 months.
Active Comparator: Triple therapy (incl. VKA); Phrenprocoumon plus Clopidogrel plus ASA	Other: Triple Therapy; HAS-BLED-Score <3: Combination of Phrenprocoumon (INR 2.0-2.5), Clopidogrel (75mg/d) and ASA (100 mg/d) for 6 months. HAS-BLED-Score ≥ 3: Combination of Phrenprocoumon (INR 2.0-2.5), Clopidogrel (75mg/d) and ASA (100 mg/d) for 1 month followed by Phrenprocoumon (INR 2.0-3.0) and Clopidogrel (75mg/d) for 5 months.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
The combined endpoint of moderate or major bleeding complications during the initial hospitalization and follow up (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type ≥ 2 bleeding)	up to 6 months after randomization

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Combined event of death, myocardial infarction, definite stent thrombosis, stroke/other systemic thromboembolism and all the individual components of the composite secondary endpoint	up to 6 months after randomization
Bleeding complications (Major bleeding: BARC > 3b bleeding)	up to 6 months after randomization

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: LMU Klinikum
• Collaborators: University Medicine Greifswald; Technical University of Munich; Helmholtz Zentrum München; University of Göttingen; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK); University of München
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Reza Wakili, MD, Klinikum der Universität München (LMU); Study Chair: Steffen Massberg, Prof., Klinikum der Universität München (LMU)

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 24, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 30, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): June 3, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 14, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 12, 2020
• Last Verified: August 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: ACS; AF; Triple-Therapy; oral anticoagulation (OAC); non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulant (NOAC)
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Myocardial Ischemia; Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Disease; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Coronary Disease; Coronary Artery Disease; Syndrome; Atrial Fibrillation; Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: GE IDE MucT003-16

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes
• IPD Plan Description: Inclusion in central DZHK Database (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)