Pembrolizumab + Lenalidomide Post Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) in High-risk Multiple Myeloma (MM)

July 28, 2023 updated by: Hackensack Meridian Health

A Phase II Trial of the Anti -PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone as Post Autologous Transplant Consolidation in Patients With High-risk Multiple Myeloma

This is an open-label, Phase II, single center trial of pembrolizumab (MK-3475), lenalidomide and dexamethasone in subjects with high risk Multiple Myeloma (hrMM) post high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT).

Patients with high-risk MM defined as those with one of the following abnormalities who have undergone induction therapy followed by single or tandem melphalan -based ASCT will be considered eligible.

Study Overview

Status

Terminated

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The primary objectives of this trial are to establish the progression free survival (PFS) of ASCT followed by consolidative therapy with pembrolizumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone and to evaluate the safety of pembrolizumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone following ASCT. The immunological analysis of cells and cytokines pre and post-therapy will be determined from patient bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood samples as exploratory objectives. The overall composition of the gut microbiome will also be determined in patient stool samples.

Patients will be followed by response, EFS/PFS/OS and safety endpoints on an every 3 week basis. Bone marrow aspirate specimens will be obtained at screening and at completing of the study and peripheral blood specimens will be obtained on a monthly basis to evaluate in correlative studies.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

12

Phase

  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New Jersey
      • Hackensack, New Jersey, United States, 07601
        • John Theurer Cancer Center-Hackensack Meridian Health

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 99 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Be willing and able to provide written informed consent/assent for the trial.
  • Be 18 years of age on day of signing informed consent.
  • Has a confirmed diagnosis of MM based on standard criteria. (See Appendix 2 for MM Diagnostic Criteria.)
  • Is between 60 and 180 days from peripheral blood autologous stem cell transplant.
  • At diagnosis, had MM with measurable disease, defined as:
  • A monoclonal immunoglobulin spike on serum electrophoresis of at least 0.5 g/dL and/or
  • Urine monoclonal levels of at least 200 mg/24 hours
  • For subjects without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels, an abnormal free light chain (FLC) ratio (normal value 0.26 - 1.65) with involved FLC ≥10 mg/dL
  • Radiographic evidence of disease for those without measurable M-spike or free light chains.

  • Has high-risk MM, which must be present at the time of diagnosis, and defined by:

    • International Staging System (ISS) stage 3 (See Appendix 3 for ISS Staging), and/or
    • Deletion 13q by cytogenetics, and/or
    • 1q amplification, 1p deletion, p53 deletions (17p deletions), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), hypodiploidy, and/or
    • High-risk gene expression profile (GEP) scores
  • Be able to provide a newly obtained bone marrow aspirate/biopsy material for biomarker analysis and disease assessment.
  • Have a performance status of ≤2 on the ECOG Performance Scale (See Appendix 4).
  • Demonstrate adequate organ function as defined in Table 1, all screening labs should be performed within 28 days of treatment initiation.
  • All subjects must agree to follow the regional requirements for lenalidomide counseling, pregnancy testing, and birth control; and be willing and able to comply with the regional requirements (for example, periodic pregnancy tests, safety labs, etc.).
  • Female subjects of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 10-14 days prior to and again within 24 hours prior to receiving the first dose of pembrolizumab (MK-3475), lenalidomide and dexamethasone or pembrolizumab (MK-3475) and lenalidomide. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required. Female subjects of childbearing potential should agree to ongoing pregnancy testing.
  • Female subjects of childbearing potential must be willing to use 2 methods of birth control or be surgically sterile, or abstain from heterosexual activity for the course of the study through 120 days after the last dose of study medication (Reference Section 4.7.2). Subjects of childbearing potential are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free from menses for > 2 years.
  • Male subjects must agree to use a latex condom during sexual contact with females of childbearing potential even if they have had a successful vasectomy starting with the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy.
  • Subject is able to swallow capsules and is able to take or tolerate oral medications on a continuous basis.
  • Male subjects should agree to use an adequate method of contraception starting with the first dose of study therapy through 120 days after the last dose of study therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Is currently participating and receiving study therapy or has participated in a study of an investigational agent and received study therapy or used an investigational device within 4 weeks of the first dose of treatment.
  • Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of trial treatment. The use of physiologic doses of corticosteroids may be used at the investigator's discretion.
  • Has received an allogeneic stem cell transplant.
  • Has received any myeloma-directed therapy after ASCT.
  • Has a known history of active TB (Bacillus Tuberculosis)
  • Hypersensitivity to pembrolizumab or any of its excipients.
  • Progressive disease from autologous transplantation at the time of screening
  • Has known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are stable (without evidence of progression by imaging for at least four weeks prior to the first dose of trial treatment and any neurologic symptoms have returned to baseline), have no evidence of new or enlarging brain metastases, and are not using steroids for at least 7 days prior to trial treatment. This exception does not include carcinomatous meningitis which is excluded regardless of clinical stability.
  • Has active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (eg., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment.
  • Has known history of, or any evidence of active, non-infectious pneumonitis.
  • Has an active infection requiring intravenous systemic therapy.
  • Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the trial, interfere with the subject's participation for the full duration of the trial, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator.
  • Has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the trial.
  • Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the pre-screening or screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment.
  • Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 agent.
  • Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies).
  • Has known active Hepatitis B (e.g., HBsAg reactive) or Hepatitis C (e.g., HCV RNA [qualitative] is detected).
  • Has received a live vaccine within 30 days of planned start of study therapy.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Pembrolizumab + lenalidomide

This is an open label study.

  • Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks and lenalidomide 25 mg po daily x 14 days and dexamethasone 40 mg po once weekly for a 21-day cycle x 2 cycles.
  • This is followed by pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks and lenalidomide 25 mg po daily x 14 days for a 21-day cycle x 2 cycles for a total of 4 cycles.
Drug: Pembrolizumab
Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks x 2 cycles. This is followed by followed by pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 3 weeks for 2 additional cycles.
Other Names:
  • Keytruda
Drug: Lenalidomide
Lenalidomide 25 mg po daily x 14 days once weekly for a 21-day cycle x 2 cycles. This is followed by lenalidomide 25 mg po daily x 14 days for a 21-day cycle x 2 cycles for 2 additional cycles.
Other Names:
  • Revlimid
Drug: Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone 40 mg po once weekly for a 21-day cycle x 2 cycles only.
Other Names:
  • Decadron

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Time Frame: Up to 3 years
PFS will be assessed from the date of ASCT, with day 0 defined as date of stem cell infusion (if tandem transplant the 2nd of 2 transplants will be used) until the date of progression, defined as the date at which the patient starts the next line of therapy or the date of death.
Up to 3 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Participants Serious Adverse Events
Time Frame: Up to 3 years
Safety will be assessed by quantifying the toxicities and grades experienced by subjects who have received pembrolizumab (MK-3475), lenalidomide and dexamethasone, including serious adverse events (SAEs). Result reflects count of participants who experienced an SAE.
Up to 3 years
Evaluation of Stringent Complete Response, Complete Response, and Very Good Partial Response Rate (sCR + CR + VGPR Rate).
Time Frame: Every 3 weeks (day 1 of every 21-day treatment cycle +/- 7 days) through 12 weeks.
Assessed by the investigator per International Myeloma Working Group criteria(IMWG) uniform response criteria. Result reflects number of participants whose best overall response qualified as sCR, CR, or VGPR in 2 year follow up period.
Every 3 weeks (day 1 of every 21-day treatment cycle +/- 7 days) through 12 weeks.
Number of Participants Who Progressed at 12 Months
Time Frame: Time from Day 0 (transplant) and date of enrollment to study completion (through 12 weeks) by investigator assessment.
Assessed at 12 months; Subjects without documented PD or death will be censored at the last disease assessment date. Those who died without documented PD will be censored at the time of death. Result reflects count of participants who had progressed at 12 months.
Time from Day 0 (transplant) and date of enrollment to study completion (through 12 weeks) by investigator assessment.
Duration of Response (DOR)
Time Frame: Interval between date of first response and date of study completion (through 12 weeks)
Assessed by the investigator per International Myeloma Working Group criteria(IMWG) uniform response criteria. Result reflects count of participants who did not have progressive disease at 2 years.
Interval between date of first response and date of study completion (through 12 weeks)

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Comparison in Bone Marrow Aspirates of the Extent of Pre-pembrolizumab (MK-3475), Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone PD-L1 Expression and Change From Baseline PD-L1 Expression in Responders Versus Non-responders
Time Frame: Bone marrow aspirate specimens will be obtained at screening and at week 15 (completion of cycle 4).
Comparison of change from baseline in bone marrow aspirate/biopsy PD-L1 expression between responders with longer duration of response and non-responders or responders with a short duration of response will be performed using mixed regression analysis. Longitudinal analysis of bone marrow aspirate/biopsy PD-L1 expression over time will be examined using mixed model repeated measure design with levels observed serially over time and response type (long responders vs short responders/non-response) as a fixed variable.
Bone marrow aspirate specimens will be obtained at screening and at week 15 (completion of cycle 4).
Assessment of Immune Phenotype in Bone Marrow Aspirates and Peripheral Blood Samples and Plasma Cytokines.
Time Frame: Obtained monthly through week 12 (cycle 4 day 1).
Assays for these studies include flow cytometry, TCR Immunoseq for Vbeta CDR3 highest frequency specificities, real-time PCR analysis and multiplex cytokine ELISA. These data will be aggregated before and after treatment in responders versus non-responders.
Obtained monthly through week 12 (cycle 4 day 1).
Assessment of T Cell Repertoire in Bone Marrow Aspirates and Peripheral Blood Samples.
Time Frame: Obtained monthly through week 12 (cycle 4 day 1).
Assays for these studies include flow cytometry, TCR Immunoseq for Vbeta CDR3 highest frequency specificities, and real-time PCR analysis. T cells (CD8+) data will be aggregated before and after treatment in responders versus non-responders.
Obtained monthly through week 12 (cycle 4 day 1).
Assessment of Plasma Cytokines
Time Frame: Obtained monthly through week 12 (cycle 4 day 1).
Multiplex cytokine ELISA studies will assess inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) data and will be aggregated before and after treatment in responders versus non-responders.
Obtained monthly through week 12 (cycle 4 day 1).
Identification and Assessment of Specific Intestinal Microbial Strains (Via Stool Specimens) Associated With Improved Outcome in Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Patients Treated With PEM+LEN+DEX Compared to PEM+LEN.
Time Frame: Stool specimens at screening or cycle 1, day 1, cycle 2 day 1, cycle 3 day 1, cycle 4 day 1, at completion of cycle 4, and at 90 days post treatment or start of new anti cancer therapy. Stool samples will also be collected at confirmation of response.
A 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) miSeq Illumina platform will be used for overall microbial composition and quantitative real-time PCR analysis will validate the specific microbial strains identified by miSeq.
Stool specimens at screening or cycle 1, day 1, cycle 2 day 1, cycle 3 day 1, cycle 4 day 1, at completion of cycle 4, and at 90 days post treatment or start of new anti cancer therapy. Stool samples will also be collected at confirmation of response.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Hackensack Meridian Health

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Noa Biran, M.D., Hackensack Meridian Health

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

December 12, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 26, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 14, 2016

First Posted (Estimated)

September 20, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 22, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 28, 2023

Last Verified

July 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Pro2016-0262

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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