Nebulized Fentanyl in Patients With Mild to Moderate Interstitial Lung Disease and Chronic Dyspnea

Use of Nebulized Fentanyl in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Interstitial Lung Disease and Chronic Dyspnea

Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) experience distressing activity-related respiratory discomfort which is challenging to manage therapeutically. Interventions such as pulmonary rehabilitation, collaborative self-management, supplemental oxygen therapy and oral opiate medications, are variably effective and therapeutic responses to each in individual patients are difficult to predict. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acute effects of inhaled opiate therapy (fentanyl citrate) on breathing discomfort (dyspnea) in individuals with mild-to-moderate ILD, as well as examine the potential mechanisms of dyspnea relief.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Interstitial Lung Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Fentanyl Citrate; Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

Treatment with opioids can improve activity related dyspnea by reducing central respiratory neural drive. Inhaled fentanyl citrate is an opioid that is generally well tolerated and has been shown to effectively relieve respiratory discomfort without causing systemic side-effects, although its mechanism of action are poorly understood. Based on the current evidence, non-sedating, rapidly active inhaled fentanyl represents a possible alternative and effective treatment of severe dyspnea in patients with ILD who require urgent treatment. As such, the primary objective of this study is to examine the acute effects of nebulized fentanyl on dyspnea intensity and quality in patients with mild-to-moderate ILD, as well as examine the neurophysiological mechanisms of dyspnea relief during fentanyl inhalation. It is believed that fentanyl when compared with placebo, will reduce inspiratory neural drive to the diaphragm and breathing frequency, resulting in improvements in dyspnea intensity during physical exertion. Alternatively, dyspnea relief after inhaled fentanyl may be independent of changes in neural drive, and instead linked to the presence of opioid receptors in the lungs that modulate afferent inputs to the brain, thereby favourably influencing perceived dyspnea.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 21
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 2V7
      • Respiratory Investigation Unit, Queen's University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 40 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) diagnosis confirmed by specialty ILD clinic
• A total lung capacity (TLC) <lower limit of normal and ≥60%predicted, a forced vital capacity (FVC) <lower limit of normal and ≥60%predicted, and a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/FVC >70%.
• Clinically stable as defined by no changes in medication dosage or frequency of administration with no exacerbations or hospital admissions in the preceding 6 weeks.
• Moderate-to-severe chronic activity related dyspnea as defined by a Baseline Dyspnea Index total score ≤9, modified Medical Research Council score >1, or oxygen cost diagram.
• Ability to perform all study procedures and provide/sign informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Women of childbearing age who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant.
• Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) <40 %predicted.
• Presence of active cardiopulmonary disease other than ILD that could contribute to dyspnea and exercise limitation.
• History of allergy or adverse reaction to fentanyl.
• History of allergy or adverse reaction to latex
• Presence of contraindications to pulmonary function or clinical exercise testing, including inability to exercise because of neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disease(s).
• Use of ambulatory oxygen or exercise-induced oxygen desaturation to < 80% on room air.
• Body mass index (BMI) <18.5 or ≥35.0 kg/m2.
• Use of antidepressant drugs (i.e., monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin reuptake inhibitors) in the previous 2 weeks.
• Use of opioid drugs (e.g., morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, codeine, etc.) in the previous 4 weeks.

Note: Healthy volunteers will only be used to assist in the characterization of the IPF study group, i.e., for comparison of baseline exercise responses. They will not undergo treatment.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Fentanyl Citrate; Single dose, nebulized 100 mcg fentanyl citrate. This is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study comparing the effects of a single dose of nebulized 100 mcg fentanyl citrate to that of a placebo (0.9% saline). Treatments will be in randomized order: patients in one study arm will receive fentanyl at the first treatment visit and placebo at the second treatment visit, patients in the other arm will receive placebo first and fentanyl second.	Drug: Fentanyl Citrate; 100 mcg fentanyl citrate will be inhaled via nebulizer.; Other Names: inhaled fentanyl
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Single dose, nebulized 0.9% saline solution. This is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study comparing the effects of a single dose of nebulized 100 mcg fentanyl citrate to that of a placebo (0.9% saline). Treatments will be in randomized order: patients in one study arm will receive fentanyl at the first treatment visit and placebo at the second treatment visit, patients in the other arm will receive placebo first and fentanyl second.	Drug: Placebo; 0.9% saline solution will be inhaled via nebulizer; Other Names: normal saline

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Dyspnea intensity measured by the 10-point Borg Scale at a standardized time during cycle ergometer exercise	The 10-point Borg scale ranges from 0 "nothing at all" to 10 "maximal/extremely strong" and will be used to rate the intensity of dyspnea during exercise: a decrease in this rating signifies an improvement. Dyspnea intensity will be assessed at a standardized time (4-minutes) in both post-treatment constant-load cycle ergometer tests.	10-minutes post-treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) at a standardized time during cycle exercise	EMGdi will be used as an index of inspiratory neural drive. Assessments will be compared at a standardized time (4-minutes) during both post-treatment constant-load cycle exercise tests.	10-minutes post-treatment
Ventilation at a standardized time during cycle exercise	Exercise measurements of minute ventilation will be compared at a standardized time (4-minutes) during both post-treatment constant-load cycle exercise tests.	10-minutes post-treatment
Breathing frequency at a standardized time during cycle exercise	Exercise measurements of breathing frequency (respiratory rate) will be compared at a standardized time (4-minutes) during both post-treatment constant-load cycle exercise tests.	10-minutes post-treatment
Tidal volume at a standardized time during cycle exercise	Exercise measurements of tidal volume will be compared at a standardized time (4-minutes) during both post-treatment constant-load cycle exercise tests.	10-minutes post-treatment
Inspiratory capacity at a standardized time during cycle exercise	Exercise measurements of inspiratory capacity will be compared at a standardized time (4-minutes) during both post-treatment constant-load cycle exercise tests.	10-minutes post-treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Dr. Denis O'Donnell
• Collaborators: Boehringer Ingelheim
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Denis E O'Donnell, MD, FRCPC, Queen's University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 25, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): November 30, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 20, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 10, 2017
• First Posted (Estimated): January 12, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 3, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 1, 2024
• Last Verified: April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Dyspnea; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Central Nervous System Depressants; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, General; Anesthetics; Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotics; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Fentanyl
• Other Study ID Numbers: DMED-1921-16

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO