IV vs. Oral Acetaminophen as a Component of Multimodal Analgesia After Total Hip Arthroplasty (IV Tylenol)

August 9, 2021 updated by: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York

IV vs. Oral Acetaminophen as a Component of Multimodal Analgesia After Total Hip Arthroplasty: a Randomized, Blinded Trial

The purpose of this study is to determine how well two different methods of administrating Tylenol reduce pain and improve patient satisfaction after total hip replacement (THR) surgery. The methods of administration are orally, via a pill that is to be swallowed, and intravenously. Our aim is to determine whether oral or intravenous administration of Tylenol will reduce opioid consumption and opioid-related side effects after THR.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

A) Opioid use after THA. Opioid use after THA can be 90 mg (+/-79) in morphine equivalents when using epidural bupivacaine / hydromorphone and multimodal analgesia. Less than 1/3 of this was via the epidural (26/90 mg). Patients reported ORSDS composite scores of 0.58

B) IV vs oral acetaminophen. The therapeutic blood concentration of acetaminophen for pain relief is 10 mcg/ml.

After an oral, single dose: In 24 fasting adult subjects, the maximal blood concentration (Cmax) of 7.7 to 17.6 mcg/mL occurred within 1 hour following a single 1000-mg dose of oral acetaminophen (liquid or caplet). Acetaminophen crosses the blood-brain barrier. Central diffusion to the brain and spinal fluid occurs within 15 to 45 minutes with maximum cerebrospinal fluid concentrations occurring at 2 to 4 hours. [Product Information: TYLENOL(R) oral, acetaminophen oral. McNeil Consumer Healthcare, Skillman, NJ, 2010].

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose study, acetaminophen 1,000 mg provided significantly greater efficacy in treating postsurgical dental pain compared with acetaminophen 650 mg and placebo.

Oral, multiple-dose, immediate-release, elderly patients: In 12 very elderly patients (mean age, 89 years), the Cmax was 23.9 mcg/mL following the administration of acetaminophen 1000 mg orally 3 times daily for 5 days.

In adult subjects, the mean Cmax was 28 +/- 21 mcg/mL at the end of a 15-minute IV infusion of acetaminophen 1000 mg. [Product Information: OFIRMEV(TM) intravenous infusion, acetaminophen intravenous infusion. Cadence Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, 2010].

The oral medication has an excellent absorption and at least 85% bioavailability, but peak concentration occurs later than the IV, and the therapeutic blood concentration for pain relief (10mcg/ml) may not be achieved after one oral dose (7-17mcg/ml).A full stomach delays the absorption. With multiple doses, in elderly patients, or with renal/ liver failure, the blood concentration is higher.

Epidural bupivacaine / clonidine (Liu). Pain scores (NRS) after THA with activity on POD1 can be 3.4 mean (2.6 SD) when using epidural bupivacaine / clonidine and multimodal analgesia.

Low-opioid protocol (oxycodone may be too strong for some; cannot use Vicodin due to acetaminophen) Choice of instruments (CAM, ORSDS, Pain OUT). The ORSDS is a 4-point scale that evaluates 12 symptoms (nausea, vomiting, constipation, difficulty passing urine, difficulty concentrating, drowsiness or difficulty staying awake, feeling lightheaded or dizzy, feeling confused, feelings of general fatigue or weakness, itchiness, dry mouth and headache) via 3 symptom distress dimensions (frequency, severity, bothersomeness). It is validated for use after orthopaedic surgery, specifically including TKA patients receiving epidural analgesia and femoral nerve blockade.

Patients can meet criteria for delirium by CAM by having acute onset of inattention as well as either disorganized thinking or altered level of consciousness.Patients without acute onset can also meet criteria for delirium if inattention, disorganized thinking and altered level of consciousness are all present, with at least one factor judged to be fluctuating. CAM has been widely applied and has been specifically used to evaluate elderly TKA patients receiving epidural analgesia and femoral nerve blockade.

The Patient Outcome Questionnaire by the American Pain society is used for quality improvement, and measures 6 aspects of quality, including (1) pain severity and relief; (2) impact of pain on activity, sleep, and negative emotions; (3) side effects of treatment; (4) helpfulness of information about pain treatment; (5) ability to participate in pain treatment decisions; and (6) use of nonpharmacological strategies.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

154

Phase

  • Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New York
      • New York, New York, United States, 10021
        • Hospital for Special Surgery

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 90 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion criteria:

  • Adult
  • Scheduled for an elective primary THA with a participating surgeon,
  • Planned for Combined Spinal Epidural anesthesia (CSE) and Patient Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA)
  • English-speaking
  • Patients that did not receive pre-operative opioids

Exclusion criteria:

  • Hepatic or renal insufficiency, as defined by abnormal readings on liver and kidney functioning tests.
  • Hypersensitivity or contraindication to protocol medication
  • Contraindication for CSE and PCEA
  • Incapable to provide consent/answer questions in English
  • Revision or urgent surgery
  • Receiving Periarticular Injections
  • History of opioid use
  • Patients on disability or worker's compensation

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: TRIPLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Oral Tylenol
Patient group receiving 1000mg of oral acetaminophen and an intravenous placebo
Drug: Acetaminophen
Oral acetaminophen, intravenous placebo
Drug: Acetaminophen
Intravenous acetaminophen, oral placebo
EXPERIMENTAL: Intravenous Tylenol
Patient group receiving 1000mg of intravenous acetaminophen and an oral placebo
Drug: Acetaminophen
Oral acetaminophen, intravenous placebo
Drug: Acetaminophen
Intravenous acetaminophen, oral placebo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pain With Physical Therapy on Post-operative Day 1
Time Frame: 24 hours after the operation (post-operative day 1)
Numerical rating scale of pain on a scale of 0-10, with 0 representing the minimum value of no pain and 10, representing the maximum, defined as being pain as bad as imaginable.
24 hours after the operation (post-operative day 1)
Opioid Use
Time Frame: Day of surgery to post-operative day 3
Oral morphine equivalents, cumulative, POD 0-3. Recorded in Medication Usage Database.
Day of surgery to post-operative day 3
Opioid Side Effects
Time Frame: 24 hours after surgery (Post-operative day 1)
The Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale (ORSDS) is a Likert scale that evaluates 3 symptom distress dimensions (frequency, severity, bothersomeness) for 12 symptoms. Frequency is rated on a 4-point scale (1= 'Rarely', 4= 'Almost constantly'). Severity is rated on a 4-point scale (1= 'Slightly', 4= 'Very'). Bothersomeness is rated on a 5-point scale (0.8= 'Not at all', 4.0= 'Very much'). The symptom-specific ORSDS is the average of the 3 symptom distress dimensions. The composite ORSDS score is the average of 12 symptom-specific scores.
24 hours after surgery (Post-operative day 1)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Hospital for Special Surgery, New York

Collaborators

Mallinckrodt

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

February 16, 2017

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

June 16, 2019

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

June 16, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 6, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 11, 2017

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

January 13, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

August 10, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 9, 2021

Last Verified

August 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2016-209

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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