- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT03043820
Raloxifene Augmentation in Patients With a Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (RAPSODI)
Raloxifene Augmentation in Patients With a Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder to Reduce Symptoms and Improve Cognition
There is increasing clinical and molecular evidence for the role of hormones and specifically estrogen and its receptor in schizophrenia. A selective estrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, stimulates estrogen-like activity in brain and can improve cognition in older adults. The present study will test the extent to which adjunctive raloxifene treatment improved cognition and reduced symptoms in young to middle-age men and women with schizophrenia.
110 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder will be recruited in a multicenter twelve-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of adjunctive 120mg raloxifene treatment in addition to their usual antipsychotic medications.
The investigators hypothesize that daily treatment with raloxifene 120 milligrams (mg) in addition to antipsychotic treatment improves cognition, reduces psychotic symptoms, increases social and personal functioning and reduces health care costs, as compared to placebo.
Study Overview
Status
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Rationale:
Patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder experience substantial impairments in multiple domains of everyday life, including the ability to maintain social relationships, sustain employment, and live independently. These problems often persist, even after successful treatment of psychosis. Currently, no consistent evidence exists for the efficacy of interventions to reduce cognitive and negative symptoms, while in fact these are the factors that determine functioning to a great extent.
Premenopausal women with schizophrenia have less psychotic and negative symptoms, and better cognitive and social functioning, in comparison to men and older women. This has been related to protective effects of estrogens in the brain. Administering estrogens has positive effects on psychotic symptoms, but exerts long-term side effects, especially in men.
Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, with a beneficial side effect profile in women and in men. It has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. Recently, positive results were found in premenopausal women and in men. It is important to replicate these results in an independent sample and to investigate the effects of raloxifene on functioning.
Hypotheses: Daily treatment with raloxifene 120 milligrams (mg) in addition to antipsychotic treatment improves cognition, reduces psychotic symptoms, increases social and personal functioning and reduces health care costs, as compared to placebo.
Objective:
The primary objective of this trial is to investigate the hypothesized beneficial effect of raloxifene as compared to placebo when given for twelve weeks in addition to antipsychotic medication to patients with a psychotic disorder. The investigators expect lower symptom severity as measured with the Positive And Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and improvements of cognitive functioning as measured with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS).
Secondary objectives include reducement of negative symptoms as measured with the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS), improvement of Personal and Social Performance (using the PSP-scale), reduction of thought disorder symptoms measures with the Thought And Language Disorder-scale (TALD), reduction use of health care recourses using the institute for Medical Technology Assessment's Medical Consumption Questionnaire (iMTA-MCQ), productivity using the institute for Medical Technology Assessment's Productivity Cost Questionnaire (iMTA-PCQ), improvement of quality of life using the EuroQol-5 dimensions scale (EQ-5D), improvement in both speed and error rates in the Stroop test, reduction of comorbid depression using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), improvement of language production and various hormonal and inflammatory parameters.
Study design: Randomized placebo-controlled multicenter double-blind trial
Study population:
110 men and women diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective or schizophreniform disorder, or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (DSM-IV 295.*)
Intervention:
Patients will be randomized 1:1 to either 120mg raloxifene or placebo daily for a period of 12 weeks. Identical tablets will be administered.
Main study parameters/endpoints:
Primary outcomes are changes in symptom severity as measured with PANSS and changes in cognition as measured with BACS. Secondary outcome are changes in negative symptoms (measured with BNSS), changes in personal and social performance (measured with PSP), change in severity of thought disorder (measured with TALD), quality of life (measured with EQ-5D), use of healthcare and non-healthcare resources, comorbid depression (measured with BDI), cognitive control (measured with a Stroop Test), language production (measured by analyzing speech samples) and hormonal and inflammatory biomarkers.
Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: Use of raloxifene is associated with a small risk of side effects. The number of patient visits will be limited and mainly requires time invested for physical examinations, questionnaires and cognitive testing sessions (around 9 hours in total over the course of 9 months). Blood will be drawn at three occasions with negligible and known risks (e.g. irritation). The burden and risks are acceptable while the benefits are expected to be considerable.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Phase 3
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Utrecht, Netherlands, 3508GA
- UMC Utrecht
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- A DSM-IV-R diagnosis of: 295.x (schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic disorder NOS)
- Capable of understanding the purpose and details of the study in order to provide written informed consent;
- On a stable dose of antipsychotic medication for at least two weeks;
For female patients:
- Female patients who are sexually active must be willing and capable to use a non-estrogenic contraceptive (intrauterine device, cervical cap, condom or diaphragm) in case of sexual intercourse for the complete duration of the study;
- Female patients with post coital uterine bleeding must have documented normal PAP smear and pelvic examination in the preceding two years.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pre-existing cardiovascular disease;
- History of thrombo-embolic events;
- History of breast cancer;
- Familial tendency to form blood clots (such as familial factor V Leiden);
- Use of vitamin K antagonists;
- Use of cholestyramine or other anion exchange resins;
- Hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides > 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN));
- Liver function or enzyme disorders (serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AF), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ - GT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) > 3 times the ULN as measured at baseline);
- Severe kidney failure (eGFR <30 ml/min as measured at baseline);
- Use of any form of estrogen, progestin or androgen as hormonal therapy, or antiandrogen including tibolone or use of phytoestrogen supplements as powder or tablet in the past three months.
For female patients:
- Abnormality observed during physical breast examination;
- Pregnancy or breast feeding;
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Quadruple
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: Raloxifene
Raloxifene 120 mg (2 tablets of 60mg) daily for 12 weeks.
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Oral selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).
Other Names:
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Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Placebo 2 tablets daily for 12 weeks.
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Tablets identical in form and color to intervention.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change in symptom severity as measured with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS)
Time Frame: Baseline, at 6 weeks of treatment, at 12 weeks of treatment (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Effect of the study therapies on symptom severity.
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Baseline, at 6 weeks of treatment, at 12 weeks of treatment (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Change in cognitive functioning as measured with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia
Time Frame: Baseline, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Effect of the study therapies on cognitive functioning
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Baseline, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Personal and social performance measured with the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP)
Time Frame: Baseline, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Effect of the study therapy on personal and social performance.
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Baseline, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Thought disorder severity as measured with the Thought And Language Disorder scale (TALD)
Time Frame: Baseline, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Effect of the study therapy on severity of thought disorder.
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Baseline, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Participant's Quality of Life as measured with the EQ-5D-5L
Time Frame: Baseline, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Effect of the study therapy on quality of life.
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Baseline, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Comorbid depression as measured with Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI).
Time Frame: Baseline, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Effect of the study therapy on comorbid depression
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Baseline, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Use of health-recourses as measured with the iMTA-MCQ
Time Frame: Baseline, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months follow-up
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Effect of the study therapy on use of recourses.
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Baseline, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months follow-up
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Use of non-health recourses as measured with the iMTA-PCQ
Time Frame: Baseline, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Effect of the study therapy on use of recourses.
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Baseline, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Language production assessment by analyzing speech samples
Time Frame: Baseline and at 12 weeks of treatment (end of treatment)
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Effect of the study therapy on free speech.
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Baseline and at 12 weeks of treatment (end of treatment)
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Symptom severity as measured with the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS)
Time Frame: Baseline, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Effect of the study therapies on symptom severity.
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Baseline, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks (end of treatment) and 6 months after end of treatment (follow-up)
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Other Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Hormonal biomarkers for predicting treatment response to raloxifene
Time Frame: Baseline and at 12 weeks of treatment
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Hormonal biomarkers (in women: prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone and 17-beta estradiol; in men: prolactin, 17-beta estradiol, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin and c-reactive protein will be assessed in blood samples to examine whether these parameters predict treatment response to raloxifene augmentation.
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Baseline and at 12 weeks of treatment
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Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis for predicting treatment response to raloxifene
Time Frame: Baseline and at 12 weeks of treatment
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Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of estrogen receptor gene 1 (ESR1) SNP rs2234693, rs9340799, rs2144025 and UGT1A8 gene rs1042597.
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Baseline and at 12 weeks of treatment
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Collaborators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Iris Sommer, Prof. dr., UMC Groningen
- Principal Investigator: Bob Oranje, Ass. Prof., UMC Utrecht
- Study Chair: Janna de Boer, MD, UMC Utrecht
Publications and helpful links
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Pathologic Processes
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Schizophrenia
- Disease
- Psychotic Disorders
- Mental Disorders
- Physiological Effects of Drugs
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Hormone Antagonists
- Bone Density Conservation Agents
- Estrogen Antagonists
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
- Estrogen Receptor Modulators
- Raloxifene Hydrochloride
Other Study ID Numbers
- NL.55343.041.16
- 2015-004483-11 (EudraCT Number)
- 80-83600-98-40120 (Other Grant/Funding Number: ZonMw)
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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