- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT03065673
Potassium Oxalate and Placebo and Post-bleaching Sensitivity
Evaluation of Tooth Sensitivity Related to in Office Bleaching in a Randomized Clinical Trial: Effect of Potassium Oxalate and Placebo
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Methods & Materials:
This clinical trial was approved by the Scientific Review Committee and by the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects of the local University (CAAE 60259916.0.0000.5546).
Trial design:
This study will be a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, and split mouth study design.
The patients included will be submitted to two in-office bleaching sessions receiving the potassium oxalate 5% desensitivity and placebo gel application on vestibular surface, for 10 minutes. A delay of 1 week between the sessions will be established. The study will be conducted at the clinic of the School of Dentistry of the local university from February 2017 to June 2018.
Participants:
Patients included in this clinical trial will be at least 18 years old with good oral health. Patients with any of the six upper anterior teeth with caries, restoration, severe discoloration (e.g., stains caused by tetracycline), enamel hypoplasia, gingival recession, dentin exposure, pulpitis, or endodontics will be excluded. Participants submitted to previous bleaching procedures, presenting prior tooth sensitivity, known allergy to any component of medication used in the study, pregnant or breastfeeding will be also excluded. Only patients presenting all six upper anterior teeth with shade mismatching with 2.5 M2 (Vita Bleachguide 3D-Master scale, Vita-Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) or darker will be included.
Sample Size Calculation:
The sample calculation will be based on the primary binary outcome (sensitivity risk 24 hours after the procedure) for superiority trial. Power of the test will be set at 80%, considering a type I error of 0.05; risk to tooth sensitivity of 63% (potassium nitrate) and 35% (potassium oxalate), while a reduction around 55% with the treatment will be expected. The calculation resulted in fifty patients.
Randomization:
A randomized list will be computer-generated by a person not involved in intervention or evaluation. The participants were defined as blocks in the randomization process, where the sequence of treatment (placebo or etodolac) will be randomly set for each block by using computer-generated tables (www.sealedenvelope.com). The sequence will be inserted into sealed envelopes numbered from 1 to 20 that were opened by the operator only at the moment of the intervention. The patients were numbered according to the sequence of enrollment. Neither the participant nor the operator knew the group allocation determining blinding to the protocol.
Baseline evaluation:
Prior to bleaching procedure, the teeth will be cleaned using rubber cups associated to pumice and water. The shades of six upper anterior teeth will be assessed on a baseline using the Classical guide scale.
Intervention:
Prior to each bleaching session, the patients will receive the potassium nitrate 2% (active comparator) on one half (anterior superior teeth) and potassium oxalate 5% desensitivity gel on the other half (anterior superior teeth) application on vestibular surface, for 10 minutes.
Neither the operators responsible for intervention and evaluation nor the patients knew the content which treatment will be done.
A light-cured resin dam will be applied (Top Dam, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil) on the gingival tissue corresponding to the teeth to be bleached. A 35% hydrogen peroxide based bleaching agent (Whiteness HP MAxx Intermixx, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil) will be mixed and applied on the vestibular surface of teeth, remaining for 40 minutes. After this time, the bleaching agent will be removed. A second session will be carried out after 1 week following the same procedures.
Evaluations:
The tooth sensitivity reported by patients will be assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and verbal rating scale (VRS). The VAS consisted of a scale 10 cm in length ranging from green (absence of pain) to red (unsupportable pain). The patient set his or her level of sensitivity by pointing to the color corresponding to this level, while the distance from this point to the green border will be recorded. For VRS, the patient reported his or her level of sensitivity based on scores: 0 = none, 1 = light, 2 = moderate, 3 = considerable and 4 = severe. The tooth sensitivity will be assessed during the bleaching, immediately after bleaching agent removal and after 24 hours. For this last assessment, only the VRS will be used. Tooth sensitivity will be measure: baseline, at 40 minutes during the bleaching procedure, after the bleaching procedure and 24 hours after. One week after each session the tooth color will be evaluated again using the same procedure described previously.
Statistical Analysis:
The demographic data from patients will be analyzed to determine age, gender, and anxiety level for each allocation sequence. Comparisons between the allocation sequences will be performed by the Mann-Whitney test (age) and Fisher's exact (gender) and chi-square (anxiety level) tests.
Based on presence of any tooth sensitivity (scores different from 0 for VRS), the absolute risk, odds ratio and relative risk will be calculated regarding the treatments for each moment of evaluation/session of bleaching, as well as its confidence intervals (95%). For each moment, differences on presence/absence ratios will be analyzed by Fisher's exact test. For the overall risk related to each treatment, the odds ratio will be adjusted to independent variable "session of bleaching" using the Mantel-Haenszel statistic. The homogeneity of odds ratios will be analyzed by the Breslow-Day and Tarone's tests. Following, the odds ratio estimated will be converted to relative risk and the overall presence/absence ratios will be analyzed by the McNemar's test, considering the study design (cross-over).
For VRS, the data from scores observed in each time of evaluation/session of bleaching will be submitted to the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. Despite the measurement of tooth sensitivity using VAS giving a continuous outcome, data assessed with this scale did not show a normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk's test). Thus, data from VAS will be also analyzed by the Mann-Whitney rank sum test, while one test per time of evaluation will be carried out.
For color evaluation, comparisons between the sequences of treatment will be performed using the Mann-Whitney rank sum test. The Friedman test followed by Dunn's post hoc test will be used to analyze the difference between the moments of evaluation for each sequence of treatment. All statistical analyses will be performed adjusting the initial significance level (α = 0.05) by Bonferroni correction.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
Sergipe
-
Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil, 49060-100
- Flavia Pardo Salata Nahsan
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients included in this clinical trial will be at least 18 years old with good oral health;
- Patients presenting all six upper anterior teeth with shade mismatching with 2.5 M2 (Vita - Bleachguide 3D-Master scale, Vita-Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) or darker will be included.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with any of the six upper anterior teeth with caries;
- Restorations in anterior teeth'
- Patients with tooth severe discoloration (e.g., stains caused by tetracycline);
- Presence of enamel hypoplasia;
- Presence of gingival recession or dentin exposure;
- Presence of tooth pulpitis or endodontics;
- Participants submitted to previous bleaching procedures;
- Patients with prior tooth sensitivity;
- Patients with known allergy to any component of medication used in the study;
- Pregnant or breastfeeding will also be also excluded.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Triple
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: Potassium Oxalate 5% gel
The patient will receive the application of potassium oxalate 5% gel on vestibular surface teeth, for 10 minutes.
|
|
Placebo Comparator: Placebo gel
The patient will receive the application placebo gel on vestibular surface teeth, for 10 minutes.
|
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Risk to the tooth sensitivity (VAS)
Time Frame: During the bleaching treatment.
|
The tooth sensitivity will be assessed using a Visual analogue (VAS) and verbal scales.
VAS consisted of a 10-cm scale 0 (no sensitivity) 10 (unbearable sensitivity).
A slightly air-stream will be applied over the buccal surfaces of the central incisors, and the patients will record their sensitivity perception by pointing with a pen on the scale.
The distance between the marking and the border of scale, relative to the absence of sensitivity will be measured.
The measurements will be scored according to the distance from 0, using a digital caliper.
The risk of tooth sensitivity will be determined by relative risk assessed by ratio between absolute risk of experimental condition by those observed in control.
The 95% confidence interval will be calculated
|
During the bleaching treatment.
|
Risk to the tooth sensitivity (VRS)
Time Frame: During the bleaching treatment.
|
The tooth sensitivity will be evaluated using a 5-point Verbal rating scale (VRS), where 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = considerable and 4 = severe.
Score different from 0 will determine presence of sensitivity.
The risk of tooth sensitivity will be determined by relative risk assessed by ratio between absolute risk of experimental condition by those observed in control.
The 95% confidence interval will be calculated.
|
During the bleaching treatment.
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Level of tooth sensitivity (VAS)
Time Frame: During the Bleaching procedure
|
The tooth sensitivity will be assessed using a Visual analogue (VAS) and verbal scales.
VAS consisted of a 10-cm scale 0 (no sensitivity) 10 (unbearable sensitivity).
A slightly air-stream will be applied over the buccal surfaces of the central incisors, and the patients will record their sensitivity perception by pointing with a pen on the scale.
The distance between the marking and the border of scale, relative to the absence of sensitivity will be measured.
The measurements will be scored according to the distance from 0, using a digital caliper.
|
During the Bleaching procedure
|
Level of tooth sensitivity (VRS)
Time Frame: During the Bleaching procedure
|
The tooth sensitivity will be evaluated using a 5-point Verbal rating scale (VRS), where 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = considerable and 4 = severe.
|
During the Bleaching procedure
|
Risk after tooth sensitivity- after the procedure (VAS)
Time Frame: 24 hours after the Bleaching procedure
|
The tooth sensitivity will be assessed using a Visual analogue (VAS) and verbal scales.
VAS consisted of a 10-cm scale 0 (no sensitivity) 10 (unbearable sensitivity).
A slightly air-stream will be applied over the buccal surfaces of the central incisors, and the patients will record their sensitivity perception by pointing with a pen on the scale.
The distance between the marking and the border of scale, relative to the absence of sensitivity will be measured.
The measurements will be scored according to the distance from 0, using a digital caliper.
The risk of tooth sensitivity will be determined by relative risk assessed by ratio between absolute risk of experimental condition by those observed in control.
The 95% confidence interval will be calculated
|
24 hours after the Bleaching procedure
|
Risk after tooth sensitivity- after the procedure (VRS)
Time Frame: 24 hours after the Bleaching procedure
|
The tooth sensitivity will be evaluated using a 5-point Verbal rating scale (VRS), where 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = considerable and 4 = severe.
Score different from 0 will determine presence of sensitivity.
The risk of tooth sensitivity will be determined by relative risk assessed by ratio between absolute risk of experimental condition by those observed in control.
The 95% confidence interval will be calculated
|
24 hours after the Bleaching procedure
|
Level of tooth sensitivity - after the procedure (VAS)
Time Frame: 24 hours after the Bleaching procedure
|
The tooth sensitivity will be assessed using a Visual analogue (VAS) and verbal scales.
VAS consisted of a 10-cm scale 0 (no sensitivity) 10 (unbearable sensitivity).
A slightly air-stream will be applied over the buccal surfaces of the central incisors, and the patients will record their sensitivity perception by pointing with a pen on the scale.
The distance between the marking and the border of scale, relative to the absence of sensitivity will be measured.
The measurements will be scored according to the distance from 0, using a digital caliper.
|
24 hours after the Bleaching procedure
|
Level of tooth sensitivity - after the procedure (VRS)
Time Frame: 24 hours after the Bleaching procedure
|
The tooth sensitivity will be evaluated using a 5-point Verbal rating scale (VRS), where 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = considerable and 4 = severe.
|
24 hours after the Bleaching procedure
|
Bleaching Effectiveness (shade guide scale)
Time Frame: Before the bleaching procedures and 7 days after this
|
The color evaluation will be performed classical Vita guide.
|
Before the bleaching procedures and 7 days after this
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- UFSHU
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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