Foley Catheter Related Bladder Discomfort (FCRBD): Role of Neutrophil Cells (FCRBD)

Urinary [Foley] catheters [tubes] are commonly placed in patients undergoing surgery; approximately 25% of surgical patients will receive one. Among patients who receive urinary catheters, discomfort associated with the Foley catheter is common; between 47-90% of patients experience catheter related bladder discomfort [CRBD]. Presence of a foreign object in the bladder even for short periods of time may result in symptoms such as a burning sensation, pain in the lower abdomen, muscle spasms and a sense of urgency to urinate. There is some evidence that suggests that hospital-acquired urinary tract infections are directly related to catheter placement, which causes mechanical damage and local inflammation to the urethra and the bladder. Based on research conducted on a similar mechanism where an airway tube is inserted into a patients throat for delivery of general anesthesia - we hypothesize that CRBD is related to injury and inflammation caused by the catheter placement and that this occurs in a sterile environment.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Catheter Site Discomfort; Urethra Injury
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Blood collection; Other: urine collection; Behavioral: NRS

Detailed Description

Urinary catheterization has been implicated in up to 80% of hospital-acquired UTIs, and has been associated with evidence for immunological and histological damage frequently in the absence of bacteria31. In a recent human study in elderly patients with ASB and UTI analysis of neutrophil activity showed evidence of enzymatic involvement during bladder infection32, and some appeared to relate to pain and inflammation, however no analysis was conducted regarding neutrophil phenotypes and the impact of mtDNA on sterile local injury mediated exclusively by a Foley catheter.

The bladder irritation that results from Foley catheterization appears to be mediated by muscarinic receptors that mediate involuntary bladder smooth-muscle contractility. Thus the main therapy relies on agents with anti-muscarinic activity such as oxybutynin, tolterodine and butylscopolamine, whereas some benefit has been shown with tramadol, ketamine, paracetamol, pregabalin and gabapentin. However no single commonly accepted therapy for FCRBD is available, and there is uncertainty about the safety and efficacy of the current treatments available. Some research has suggested a role for inflammatory mediators in the occurrence of FCRBD as evident by induction of prostaglandin synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors alleviating symptoms related to FCRBD. In summary various therapies to control FCRBD are available but none have directly addressed the acute inflammatory reaction likely mediating these symptoms1,2,3,4. Hence our interest in analyzing the activity of acute inflammatory cells in particular neutrophil activation as a mediator of bladder inflammation and trigger of FCRBD.

Although the exact pathophysiology of FCRBD has not been elucidated, we recently showed expression of inflammatory mediators, neutrophil infiltration and mucosal surface injury in the absence of bacterial infection using a human model of tracheal injury. As it has been clearly shown that neutrophil infiltration and activation can be driven in response to sterile cell death8, our preliminary data suggest that the link between Foley catheter and possible bladder neutrophil accumulation is through mucosal cell injury.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 58

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Missouri
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
      • Washington University in St Louis

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients having elective surgery requiring hospitalization and Foley catheter placement.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ages 18 to 75.
2. American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification (ASA) I, II, and III, per CPAP assessment.
3. Planned Foley catheter placement with surgery and hospitalization.
4. Scheduled elective surgery (i.e., orthopedic, neurosurgical, spine surgery, cardiac, thoracic surgery, ear nose and throat surgery).
5. Anticipated length of Foley catheter requirement up to 72 hours.
6. Ability to provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Visible blood in the urine as evident upon sample collection.
2. More than one attempt to place the Foley catheter as documented by RN in OR.
3. Planned surgical procedure involving the urinary system
4. On dialysis and/or anuric
5. Urinary tract infection (UTI) as documented by primary team within 24 hours of surgery
6. Pregnancy or lactating.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Foley catheter group; Urine collection and blood collection and NRS for pain in patients having surgery for which their surgeon has ordered placement of a Foley catheter.	Other: Blood collection; Other: urine collection; Behavioral: NRS
Healthy control group; Blood collection in healthy volunteers from the Research Participant Registry or recruited from posters around the Washington University campus	Other: Blood collection

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Neutrophil surface marker changes in subjects that experience Foley catheter related bladder discomfort [FCRBD]	Changes in surface inflammatory markers on polymorphonuclear neutrophils associated with bladder injury secondary to Foley catheter placement.	Change from baseline [immediately after catheter placement] until catheter removal [post-operative day 1, 2, 3].

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Washington University School of Medicine

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 21, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 21, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): August 28, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 5, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 12, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): April 18, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 15, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 13, 2018
• Last Verified: November 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Foley catheter
• Other Study ID Numbers: 201609072

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No