Macrophage Polarization in Response to Macronutrient Intake in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Clinical Study

May 31, 2017 updated by: Ahmad Aljada, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences

Monocyte Differentiation and Macrophage Polarization in Circulation in Response to Macronutrient Intake in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Clinical Study

Macrophages can exhibit distinct phenotypes and functions in response to stimuli and can polarize into one of three distinct phenotypes: a pro-inflammatory (M1), an anti-inflammatory pro-tissue (M2) and metabolically-activated (MMe) macrophage phenotypes. Thirty-six healthy volunteers were recruited and randomized into one of three macronutrient intake groups (glucose, lipids, proteins). This study measured the effects of macronutrient intake on the macrophage differentiation.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Thirty-six normal healthy adult volunteers of normal weight were recruited into the study. All were normotensive, had a normal lipid profile, normal renal and liver function tests, and were not on any medications. All subjects gave their written, informed consent. Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA) approved the study protocol. The 36 participants were randomly assigned by the primary investigator (PI) following simple randomization procedure (computerized random numbers) to three different groups, each received one type of macronutrient (Glucose, whey proteins or lipids). Following an overnight fast, a baseline blood sample was taken. Subjects were then given either 300 calories of glucose (NERL Trutol 75) or lipids (90 grams whipping cream, 31.5 grams fat, 1.7 grams protein and 2.25 grams carbohydrate) or protein (Isopure unflavored Whey proteins isolate (WPI) powder containing 26 grams per serving of 100% WPI, stripped of fat, carbs, fillers, sugars and lactose) solution over 5 minutes. Cream and protein preparations were diluted with water up to 300 mL solutions. Further blood samples were obtained at 1, 2 and 3 hours after the macronutrient intake. Subjects, either one week before or after the macronutrient challenge, were given 300 mL of water to drink in the fasting state. Blood samples were obtained before and at 1, 2 and 3 h after water intake as well. Each subject served as his/her own control and was randomly given macronutrient or water intake.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

36

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Normal weight (BMI 18.5-25)
  • Healthy adults evident by: physical examination, normal lipid profile, normal renal and liver function tests.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Renal disease
  • Hepatic disease
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Using multivitamins
  • Using NSAIDS

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Lipid intake
12 subjects had 300 Calories of lipids or 300 mL of water. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hrs post intake. There was a one week period between the 2 intakes.
Dietary supplement: Lipid Intake
90 grams whipping cream, 31.5 grams fat, 1.7 grams protein, and 2.25 grams carbohydrate
Active Comparator: Glucose intake
12 subjects had 300 Calories of glucose or 300 mL of water. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hrs post intake. There was a one week period between the 2 intakes.
Dietary supplement: Glucose intake
300 calories of glucose
Active Comparator: Protein intake
12 subjects had 300 Calories Whey protein intake or 300 mL of water. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 1, 2, and 3 hrs post intake. There was a one week period between the 2 intakes.
Dietary supplement: Protein intake
Isopure unflavored Whey proteins isolate (WPI) powder containing 26 grams per serving of 100% WPI, stripped of fat, carbs, fillers, sugars, and lactose

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Detection of markers of M1 and M2 macrophages
Time Frame: Subject recruitment, enrollment and sample collection were carried out in a period of 3 months. Baseline blood samples were drawn before the caloric or water intake, and subsequent blood samples were drawn at 1-, 2- and 3-hour intervals post the intake
The following markers were used to detect M1 and M2 macrophages (M1:CD86, IL-6, CD11c, and CD169, and M2: CD206, CD163, and CD36)
Subject recruitment, enrollment and sample collection were carried out in a period of 3 months. Baseline blood samples were drawn before the caloric or water intake, and subsequent blood samples were drawn at 1-, 2- and 3-hour intervals post the intake

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Awad Alshahrani, MD, Ministry of Natioanl Guard Health Affairs

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 2, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 24, 2016

Study Completion (Actual)

April 29, 2016

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 28, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 31, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

June 2, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 2, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 31, 2017

Last Verified

May 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • SP15/026

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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