Effect of Antisecretory Factor, Given as a Food Supplement to Adult Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (SASAT)

October 10, 2022 updated by: Peter Siesjö

Salovum (Antisecretory Factor) in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

The present trial intends to assess whether Salovum®, an egg powder enriched for antisecretory factor given to patients with severe traumatic brain injury will improve outcome compared to a control group given placebo egg powder.

100 patients with GCS<9 will be enrolled and randomised to active or placebo treatment during maximum 5 days. Salovum® or placebo will be administered orally by nasogastric feeding tubes.

Primary endpoint will be overall 30 data mortality. Secondary endpoints will be intracranial pressure and treatment intensity level.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Treatment of increased ICP, using Anti-secretory Factor, in patients with severe head trauma Brain edema, defined as an increased fluid content in either the extracellular or intracellular space, arise in both trauma and in conjunction with other brain pathologies such as infectious diseases, intracranial tumors and ischemic events, i.e. stroke. The mechanisms underlying the formation of edema are not fully understood. In the injured brain, leakage over the blood brain-barrier arise which leads to transport of fluid from the blood to the extracellular space, causing an extracellular or vasogenic edema. Damage to cell membranes and disruption of cell function causes an intracellular or cytotoxic edema. Although one type of edema may predominate initially, one type most likely leads to another. In addition to the physiological, flow-related changes that arise, the edema is also worsened by the inflammatory response to damage. In the injured brain, disease associated molecular patterns (DAMP), and pro-inflammatory cytokines that can give rise to both intracellular and extracellular edema are released.

If the edema becomes expansive enough to give rise to a significant increase in intracranial pressure the circulation of the brain is threatened and surgical intervention inevitable. The most common procedure is hemicraniectomy, a procedure intended to add more space for the edematous brain to expand. The procedure itself is risky, and re-operations due to hematoma, CSF-leakage and more are common. Furthermore, it is not known how the procedure itself affects the brain in terms of increased edema, tearing of the brain etc.

Antisecretory factor, AF is a 41 kDa protein that exists in most mammals. It was first discovered due to its ability to inhibit experimental diarrhea. Endogenous AF secretion increases after exposure to bacterial toxins and an increase in AF secretion in combination with an inflammatory reaction may be a part of normal defense against the secretory and inflammatory component in diarrhea and other pathological processes involving membrane leakage and inflammation. AF has been shown to modulate pro-inflammatory and anti- inflammatory cytokine release. AF has also been shown to be effective against vertigo symptoms in Meniere's disease, which is believed to be caused by an abnormal collection of lymph around the balance nerve. AF and AF16 (the functional terminal 16 amino-acid peptide) have been tested in animal models of cerebral edema such as herpes encephalitis and traumatic brain injury with significant reduction of intracranial pressure, morbidity and mortality AF is commercially available for human use as Salovum®, an egg yolk powder B221® enriched for AF. It is available in pharmacies without prescription, but can also be prescribed as a dietary supplement in Sweden. Salovum® is classified as a "medical food" by the Swedish Pharmaceutical Agency and the European Union. Salovum® is currently registered in the Republic of South Africa.

Hypothesis Cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury is caused by inflammation triggered by tissue damage. The anti-secretory and anti-inflammatory compound Salovum® has the potential to counteract this and thus reduce cerebral edema in traumatic brain injury. Furthermore, the reduction of cerebral edema is hypothesized to decrease intracranial pressure, reduce the development of secondary brain damage and subsequently reduce treatment intensity levels and death.

Aims and Objectives Though, the number of patients with severe traumatic head injury in Sweden is decreasing and the need for a larger, randomized trial in a centre with large volumes of traumatic brain injury is needed The primary focus for scientific investigation is to evaluate if AF given as a dietary supplement (Salovum®) will reduce 30-day mortality in adult patients with severe traumatic brain injury. The secondary aims are to investigate whether AF will reduce intracranial pressure and treatment intensity levels - TIL, during intervention.

Methodology The outlined study is a phase-2, prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. After inclusion patients will be randomized to active Salovum® or placebo egg powder treatment every 4th hour during 5 days. Treatment of patients will be according to current algorithms at the study site.

Study population 100 adult (age 18+) patients with severe traumatic brain injury, where ICP-monitoring is deemed necessary, will be included in the study.

Patient samples A venous whole blood sample will be drawn before and after treatment in all patients. The blood sample will be frozen and stored at the study site for further analysis.

Anticipated benefits In an ongoing Swedish study, preliminary results indicate that AF has a very potent ICP- lowering effect in patients with severe TBI and other pathologies encompassing cerebral edema, which might prove an effect on 30-day mortality in this trial.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

100

Phase

  • Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • South Africa
      • Cape Town, South Africa, 7505
        • Department of Neurosurgery, Tygerberg Hospital, Francie Van Zijl Dr

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Adult of either gender between 18 and 65 years.
  2. Non-penetrating, isolated severe traumatic brain injury
  3. GCS >3 and GCS<9 on admission or within 48 hours after injury*
  4. Admission to study hospital within 24 hours of injury*
  5. No known history of allergy to egg-protein
  6. Planned for intracranial pressure monitoring
  7. Absence of bilaterally dilated pupils

  8. CT scan with traumatic pathology that is more than an isolated epidural hematoma

    • Within 24 hours of injury (for patients with GCS < 9 on admission) or Within 24 hours of deterioration (among patients deteriorating to GCS < 9 within 48 hours of injury)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. No consent 2. Systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg post resuscitation 3. Epidural hematoma with no other signs of intra-cranial injury 4. Penetrating injury 5. Non-fulfillment of inclusion criteria after screening and inclusion procedures.

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Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Treatment group
Patients in treatment group will receive Salovum according to g/kg body weight/24 hours/divided into 6 doses, during a maximum of 5 days
Dietary supplement: Salovum
Dietary supplement with high concentration of anti-secretory factor
Placebo Comparator: Placebo group
Patients in treatment group will receive Placebo (egg yolk powder) according to g/kg body weight/24 hours/divided into 6 doses, during a maximum of 5 days
Dietary supplement: Placebo
Placebo for Salovum

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
30 day mortality
Time Frame: 30 days
Death within 30 days of trauma
30 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
TIL - Treatment Intensity Level
Time Frame: 0-5 days
TIL is scored at the end of each 24 hour period in the NICU, where 0 is lowest intensity and 38 is maximum intensity
0-5 days
ICP - Intracranial Pressure
Time Frame: 0-5 days
ICP in mm Hg is recorded every hour during 0-5 days
0-5 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Peter Siesjö

Collaborators

University of Stellenbosch

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Adriaan J Vlok, Professor, University of Stellenbosch

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 17, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

October 10, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

October 10, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 20, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 8, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

November 13, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

October 12, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 10, 2022

Last Verified

October 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Ethics Reference #: M16/10/040

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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