Time-Restricted Feeding Plus Resistance Training in Active Females

Time-Restricted Feeding Plus Resistance Training in Active Females: Effects on Body Composition, Muscular Performance and Physiological Variables

The objective of this study is to examine the effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF; consuming all calories within an 8-hour period of time each day) and resistance training, with or without the addition of the dietary supplement HMB, on body composition, muscular performance and physiological outcomes in active females.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy Active Females
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Resistance Training; Dietary supplement: Protein Supplementation; Behavioral: Time-Restricted Feeding; Dietary supplement: Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 40
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Texas
    • Lubbock, Texas, United States, 79409
      • Texas Tech University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 30 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female between 18 and 30 years of age
• Current university affiliation
• Weighing at least 110 pounds
• Generally healthy
• Resistance-trained
• Schedule availability to complete supervised resistance training
• Body fat percentage between 15 and 29%

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant or trying to become pregnant
• Currently breastfeeding
• Any disease, condition or orthopedic limitation that would prevent safe participation in resistance training or time-restricted feeding
• Current smoker
• Presence of pacemaker or other electrical implant
• Allergic to dairy proteins

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Normal Diet; Participants in the normal diet (ND) group will follow a traditional dietary pattern, consisting of eating breakfast and continuing to eat throughout the day until the evening. Participants in this group will receive placebo capsules. Participants in all groups will follow an identical resistance training program and be provided with whey protein supplements.	Other: Resistance Training; Performing supervised resistance training three times per week.; Dietary supplement: Protein Supplementation; Consuming a protein supplement daily.
Experimental: Time-Restricted Feeding; Participants in the time-restricted feeding (TRF) group will consume all calories within an 8-hour period of time each day. Participants in this group will receive placebo capsules. Participants in all groups will follow an identical resistance training program and be provided with whey protein supplements.	Other: Resistance Training; Performing supervised resistance training three times per week.; Dietary supplement: Protein Supplementation; Consuming a protein supplement daily.; Behavioral: Time-Restricted Feeding; Consuming all calories within a specified 8-hour period of time each day.; Other Names: Intermittent Fasting
Experimental: Time-Restricted Feeding plus HMB; Participants in the time-restricted feeding plus HMB (TRF+HMB) group will consume all calories within an 8-hour period of time each day. Participants in this group will receive HMB capsules. Participants in all groups will follow an identical resistance training program and be provided with whey protein supplements.	Other: Resistance Training; Performing supervised resistance training three times per week.; Dietary supplement: Protein Supplementation; Consuming a protein supplement daily.; Behavioral: Time-Restricted Feeding; Consuming all calories within a specified 8-hour period of time each day.; Other Names: Intermittent Fasting; Dietary supplement: Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate; 3 grams per day of the calcium salt form of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB).; Other Names: HMB

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Fat mass	Assessed using multi-compartment model	8 weeks
Fat-free mass	Assessed using multi-compartment model	8 weeks
Body fat percentage	Assessed using multi-compartment model	8 weeks
Upper body muscle hypertrophy	Muscle thickness of elbow flexor muscles	8 weeks
Lower body muscle hypertrophy	Muscle thickness of knee extensor muscles	8 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Lower body muscular strength	Assessed by 1RM on leg press	8 weeks
Lower body muscular power characteristics	Assessed during vertical jump and isometric squats	8 weeks
Lower body muscular endurance	Assessed by repetitions to failure on leg press	8 weeks
Upper body muscular strength	Assessed by 1RM on bench press	8 weeks
Upper body muscular endurance	Assessed by repetitions to failure on bench press	8 weeks
Cortisol awakening response	Assessed via analysis of saliva samples	8 weeks
Lipid panel	Measured from fasted blood sample	8 weeks
Blood glucose	Measured from fasted blood sample	8 weeks
Blood insulin	Measured from fasted blood sample	8 weeks
Blood C-reactive protein	Measured from fasted blood sample	8 weeks
Blood pressure	Measured using automated device	8 weeks
Arterial compliance	Assessed by applanation tonometry	8 weeks
Resting metabolic rate	Assessed by indirect calorimetry	8 weeks
Respiratory quotient	Assessed by indirect calorimetry	8 weeks
Mood	Assessed by questionnaire	8 weeks
Eating behavior	Assessed by three-factor eating questionnaire R18	8 weeks
Sleep quality	Assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	8 weeks
Physical activity level	Assessed by accelerometry.	8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Texas Tech University
• Collaborators: Metabolic Technologies Inc.; Dymatize Enterprises, LLC
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Grant Tinsley, Ph.D., Texas Tech University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Moro T, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Marcolin G, Pacelli QF, Battaglia G, Palma A, Gentil P, Neri M, Paoli A. Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males. J Transl Med. 2016 Oct 13;14(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-1044-0.
• Tinsley GM, Forsse JS, Butler NK, Paoli A, Bane AA, La Bounty PM, Morgan GB, Grandjean PW. Time-restricted feeding in young men performing resistance training: A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Sport Sci. 2017 Mar;17(2):200-207. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1223173. Epub 2016 Aug 22.
• Tinsley GM, La Bounty PM. Effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and clinical health markers in humans. Nutr Rev. 2015 Oct;73(10):661-74. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv041. Epub 2015 Sep 15.
• Allaf M, Elghazaly H, Mohamed OG, Fareen MFK, Zaman S, Salmasi AM, Tsilidis K, Dehghan A. Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 29;1:CD013496. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013496.pub2.
• Tinsley GM, Moore ML, Graybeal AJ, Paoli A, Kim Y, Gonzales JU, Harry JR, VanDusseldorp TA, Kennedy DN, Cruz MR. Time-restricted feeding plus resistance training in active females: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Sep 1;110(3):628-640. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz126.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 17, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 15, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): August 15, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 4, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 11, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): January 19, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 12, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 11, 2018
• Last Verified: September 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 2017-912

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No