To Compare Efficacy of Low Dose Diclofenac (25mg) in Management of Postoperative Pain After Periodontal Flap Surgery

To Compare Efficacy of Low Dose Diclofenac (25mg) in Management of Postoperative Pain After Periodontal Flap Surgery: A Clinical Trail.

Pain after periodontal surgical procedures is a common manifestation. The perception of pain is highly subjective and varies substantially among individuals. Many factors affect pain perception, such as the nature, duration, and extent of the surgery and psychological aspects (e.g., stress and anxiety). Pain after periodontal surgery is an example of acute dental pain of mild to moderate severity. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a significant advantage in the control of pain after periodontal or oral surgical procedures.

Diclofenac is a powerful anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug that is well suited for local use in the oral cavity. Diclofenac competes with arachidonic acid in a dose dependent manner for binding with platelet COX. This results in decreased production of PG and thus reduces inflammation, swelling and pain.

As Diclofenac associated with many adverse effects, like gastric irritability, nausea, headache, dizziness. Undesirable effects may be minimized by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary to control symptoms. As many of clinical trials have suggested Diclofeanc 50 mg alleviates the postoperative pain. So main aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low dose Diclofenac(25mg) in reducing the post operative pain after periodontal flap surgeries. Thus comparing the effects of low dose Diclofenac and Diclofenac 50mg for reducing post-operative pain.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Chronic Periodontitis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: low dose diclofenac

Detailed Description

The present split mouth, single blind randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in the

Department of Periodontology and source of the patients was from the outpatient section of Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College & Research Centre, New Pargaon.

Patients were enrolled in the study between November 2016 and June 2017. Based ' on the power of study that was l 80% with alpha of 0.05 with SD of ±1.47, we required

18 experimental quadrants and 18 control quadrants. Considering 10% dropout " sample size was finalized at 20.

The study included 20 patients [14 males and 6 females] with generalized chronic periodontitis.

With age ranging from 17-55 years, the selected patient had atleast 20 natural teeth, and with no history of previous periodontal therapy preceding six months of study. Medically compromised patients, pregnant and lactating mothers, smokers and alcoholics, and those with a history of taking anticoagulant therapy, patient reporting intake of steroidal or non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (previous 3 months) or antibiotics in previous six month were excluded from the study. Patient with known hypersensitivity to Diclofenac and gastric diseases were also not considered.

The protocol of the study was explained to each patient, and informed consent was obtained after explanation of the study. A split mouth design was used. A total of 40 quadrants in 20 patients (two quadrants in each patient) were operated. Complete medical evaluations of all the patients were done to rule out any systemic conditions.

All patients were scheduled for open flap debridement surgery on at least two quadrants >1 weeks apart. Each quadrant was randomly allocated (coin test) a different medication regimen for postoperative pain control. So in one patient two quadrant were operated one quadrant received Low Dose Diclofenac tablets (25mg Diclofenac and 325 mg paracetamol), BID for 3 days, whereas the other operated quadrant received Diclofenac (50mg Diclofenac and 325mg paracetamol), BID for 3 days.

A flap was raised under local anesthesia (2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine). In both the quadrants same technique of anesthesia was employed. The location and the extent of surgery, volume of the local anesthesia given, and time required to perform the surgical procedure was noted in the patient file (Table/Fig 4). Participants were instructed to complete VAS chart once in the morning and once in evening for 3 days with the gap of 8 hours in between and recalled on 4thday and asked about any discomfort noted during following postoperative dayss in the form of questionnaire [Table/fig 5]. For measuring the clinical pain intensity the participants were provided with the visual analog scale (VAS). The VAS consists of a 10-cm line anchored by two extremes: no pain and pain that could not be more severe.

Participants were asked to make a mark on the line representing their level of perceived pain.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:- Data were analyzed using statistical software. The P value was set at 0.05 for all tests. The postsurgical pain parameters were presented as mean - SD and were compared using the independent t test.

While for the intra group analysis repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used and data were presented as mean.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 20
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• India
  • Maharashtra
    • Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India, 416113
      • Dental

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 17 years to 55 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Generalized moderate/severe chronic periodontitis
2. The probing depth (PD) of the surgical sites in the both group ranged from 5 to 8 mm.
3. The clinical attachment level (CAL) at the surgical sites in both the group ranged from 5 to 9 mm.
4. Quadrant with the presence of atleast 6 teeth will be selected for study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Tobacco in any form and alcoholics.
2. Pregnant and lactating mother.
3. Patients with history of systemic ailments, patients under ant-inflammatory/antibiotic 3 months prior to recruitment for study.
4. Subjects who had received periodontal treatment within the previous 6 months.
5. Patient who have history of intolerance or hypersensitivity to Diclofenac and with gastric diseases

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: study group one side; All patients were scheduled for open flap debridement surgery on at least two quadrants ≥1 weeks apart.One group will receive Low Dose Diclofenac tablets (25mg Diclofeanc and 325 mg paracetamol), BID for 3 days. The patients who are diagnosed with generalized moderate/severe chronic periodontitis will be included in study. For each quadrant, a flap was raised under local anesthesia (2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine). In both the quadrants same technique of anesthesia will be employed. The location and the extent of surgery, volume of the local anesthesia given, and time required to perform the surgical procedure will be recorded in the patient file. Patients will be instructed to complete a pain diary chart for 3 days.	Drug: low dose diclofenac; it is a split mouth design in which one side recieved low dose diclofenac(25mg) after periodontal flap surgery and in next week second side will recieve diclofenac 50mg after flap surgery.; Other Names: periodontal flap surgery; scaling and root planning
Placebo Comparator: study group second side; Other group will receive Diclofeanc (50mg Diclofenac and 325mg paracetamol), BID for 3 days. The patients who are diagnosed with generalized moderate/severe chronic periodontitis were included in study. For each quadrant, aperiodontal flap was raised under local anesthesia (2% lignocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine). In both the quadrants same technique of anesthesia will be employed. The location and the extent of surgery, volume of the local anesthesia given, and time required to perform the surgical procedure was recorded in the patient file. Patients were instructed to complete a pain diary chart for 3 days.	Drug: low dose diclofenac; it is a split mouth design in which one side recieved low dose diclofenac(25mg) after periodontal flap surgery and in next week second side will recieve diclofenac 50mg after flap surgery.; Other Names: periodontal flap surgery; scaling and root planning

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
visual analog scale VAS	it messures pain intensity it is an 10cm line anchored by two extremes 0 for no pain and 10 for extreme pain	3 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College
• Investigators: Study Chair: Dilip Khambete, MDS, tatayasaheb kore dental college and hospital new pargaon

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 20, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 20, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): May 21, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 1, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 25, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): May 8, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 14, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 8, 2018
• Last Verified: May 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Postoperative Complications; Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Stomatognathic Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Pain, Postoperative; Periodontitis; Chronic Periodontitis; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Diclofenac
• Other Study ID Numbers: tatyasaheb kore dental college

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No