RCHOP Chemoimmunotherapy Preceded BY BBB Permeabilization by t-NGR Necrosis Factor (INGRID)

Monoinstitutional Phase II Trial Addressing Tolerability and Activity of RCHOP Chemoimmunotherapy Preceded by BBB Permeabilization by t-NGR Necrosis Factor in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) are treated with high-dose-methotrexate-based chemotherapy, which requires hospitalization and extensive expertise to manage related toxicity. Treatment with R-CHOP, the most commonly used combination against aggressive lymphomas, could overcome these difficulties, but CNS bioavailability of related drugs is poor due to their limited capability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces selective BBB permeabilization and enhances CNS access of anticancer drugs in animal models. The addition of NGR peptide improves biological properties of TNF, resulting in increased drug availability and antitumor synergistic effect, without increased toxicity. Thus, the addition of NGR-hTNF to R-CHOP may result in improved CNS drug availability and activity in patients with relapsed/refractory PCNSL; this hypothesis is being tested in this ongoing phase II trial called "INGRID". This trial will consider HIV-negative patients (age 18-80 ys; ECOG PS ≤3) with relapsed/refractory PCNSL previously treated with high-dose-methotrexate-based chemotherapy± radiotherapy, and with measurable disease.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: NGR-hTNF; Other: RITUXIMAB; Drug: Doxorubicin; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; Drug: Vincristine; Drug: Prednisone

Detailed Description

There are three planned analyses:

1. An exploratory analysis (proof of principle) on the first 10 enrolled patients. In the case the experimental treatment will be safe and some tumor responses will be recorded, the chairman, after due multidisciplinary discussion, could propose to proceed with an open, non-comparative phase II trial, with overall response rate (complete and partial responses) as primary endpoint. The maximum overall response rate considered of low interest will be 30%, and the minimum response rate considered of interest will be 50%; to demonstrate that difference, a total of 28 patients will be needed (one-sided test; trype I error .10; power .9). Importantly, BBB permeabilization will be investigated using different methods. Variations in tumor microvasculature and vessel permeability will be assessed by DCE- and DSC-MRI. Permeability will be assessed in contrast-enhanced lesions, perilesional areas and normal appearing brain; results will expressed as KTRANS values normalized using contralateral normal appearing white matter, and compared by Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Concentrations of R-CHOP drugs were assessed on matched CSF and serum/plasma samples.Moreover, BBB permeability will be also assessed by 99mTc-diethylene-triamine-pentacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) brain scintigraphy.
2. First of the two stages of Simon Minimax design, where 12 patients will be entered (including the 10 patients of the exploratory phase) and, if at least 4 responses will be observed, the study will be continued until a total of 28 patients will be entered.
3. Second stage of Simon Minimax design: final analysis of activity on the whole series (n=28); the experimental treatment will be declared active if at least 12 responses will be observed.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 28
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Italy
  • Milan, Italy, 20132
    • Ospedale San Raffaele

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion criteria

• Histological or cytological diagnosis of (D)LBCL
• Disease exclusively localized into the CNS (brain, meninges, cranial nerves, eyes and/or spinal cord) both at first diagnosis and failure
• Progressive or recurrent disease
• Previous treatment with high-dose-methotrexate-based chemotherapy ± WBRT
• Presence of at least one target lesion, bidimensionally measurable
• Age 18 - 80 years
• ECOG performance status 0-3
• Adequate bone marrow (platelets >75.000/mm3, hemoglobin >8 g/dl, ANC >1.000/mm3), renal (serum creatinine <2 times UNL and creatinine clearance ≥40 mL/min), cardiac (VEF ≥50%), and hepatic (SGOT/SGPT <3 times UNL, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase <2 times UNL) function.
• Given written informed consent prior to any study specific procedures, with the understanding that the patient has the right to withdraw from the study at any time, without any prejudice. Informed consent signed by a patient's guardian is acceptable if the patient is not able to decide inclusion in the study due to cognitive impairment

5.3 Exclusion criteria

• Known HIV disease or other chronic immunodeficiency
• Patients with positive flow cytometry examination of the CSF, but negative results in CSF conventional cytology, and without any other evidence of CNS disease
• Patients with concomitant extra-CNS disease at presentation or relapse
• Symptomatic coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias not well controlled with medication or myocardial infarction within the last 6 months (New York Heart Association Class III or IV heart disease)
• Any other serious medical condition which could impair the ability of the patient to participate in the trial
• Concurrent treatment with other antineoplastic drugs
• Therapy with PPI (Proton Pump Inhibitors, that may interfere with chromogranine levels, see above). For gastroprotective therapy H2-blockers (i.e. ranitidine) are allowed.
• Pregnant and lactating female patients. Sexually active patients of child bearing potential must implement adequate contraceptive measures during study participation.
• Previous or concurrent malignancies at other sites diagnosed or relapsed within the last 3 years of follow-up. Patients with surgically cured in situ carcinomas and basal cell carcinoma of the skin are allowed.
• Presence of any psycological, familial, sociological or geographical condition potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: NGR-hTNF + R-CHOP; Treatment includes one course of conventional R-CHOP followed by 5 courses of conventional R-CHOP (rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone) in conjunction with intravenous delivery of NGR-hTNF. Chemoimmunotherapy courses will be delivered every 3 weeks; day 22 is to be considered as day 1 of the subsequent course	Drug: NGR-hTNF; dose of 0.8 mcg/sqm; Other: RITUXIMAB; dose of 375 mg/mq; Other Names: mabthera; Drug: Doxorubicin; dose of 50 mg/mq; Other Names: adriamicina; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; dose of 750 mg/mq; Other Names: endoxan; Drug: Vincristine; dose of 1.4 mg/mq (max 2 mg); Drug: Prednisone; 75 mg; Other Names: deltacortene

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
ORR: CR and PR based on IPCG response criteria	Activity in terms of overall response rate (ORR): Complete Response (CR) and Partial Response (PR) of R-CHOP21 chemo-immunotherapy preceded by BBBP by NGR-hTNF.	up to 18 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Duration of Response (DOR)	DOR will be assessed for all responsive patients; time to documentation of tumor response to failure	18 months
Progression-free survival (PFS)	PFS will be assessed for all treated patients; it is defined as the interval between the time of entry onto trial and failure (relapsing or progressive disease), death from any cause or date of the last visit of follow-up	12 months
Overall survival (OS)	OS will be assessed for all enrolled patients; it is defined as the time from entry onto trial until death from any cause or date of the last visit of follow-up.	12 months
Tolerability: defined by of grade 3-4 AEs according to NCI CTCAE.	Tolerability will be assessed for all enrolled patients; it is defined by of grade 3-4 AEs according to NCI CTCAE.	12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Andres J. M. Ferreri
• Collaborators: AGC Biologics S.p.A.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Andrés Jose Maria Ferreri, MD, San Raffaele Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Ferreri AJ, Abrey LE, Blay JY, Borisch B, Hochman J, Neuwelt EA, Yahalom J, Zucca E, Cavalli F, Armitage J, Batchelor T. Summary statement on primary central nervous system lymphomas from the Eighth International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma, Lugano, Switzerland, June 12 to 15, 2002. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jun 15;21(12):2407-14. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.01.135.
• Connell JJ, Chatain G, Cornelissen B, Vallis KA, Hamilton A, Seymour L, Anthony DC, Sibson NR. Selective permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier at sites of metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013 Nov 6;105(21):1634-43. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djt276. Epub 2013 Oct 9.
• Curnis F, Sacchi A, Corti A. Improving chemotherapeutic drug penetration in tumors by vascular targeting and barrier alteration. J Clin Invest. 2002 Aug;110(4):475-82. doi: 10.1172/JCI15223.
• Corti A, Curnis F, Rossoni G, Marcucci F, Gregorc V. Peptide-mediated targeting of cytokines to tumor vasculature: the NGR-hTNF example. BioDrugs. 2013 Dec;27(6):591-603. doi: 10.1007/s40259-013-0048-z.
• Gregorc V, Santoro A, Bennicelli E, Punt CJ, Citterio G, Timmer-Bonte JN, Caligaris Cappio F, Lambiase A, Bordignon C, van Herpen CM. Phase Ib study of NGR-hTNF, a selective vascular targeting agent, administered at low doses in combination with doxorubicin to patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2009 Jul 21;101(2):219-24. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605162. Epub 2009 Jun 30.
• van Laarhoven HW, Gambarota G, Heerschap A, Lok J, Verhagen I, Corti A, Toma S, Gallo Stampino C, van der Kogel A, Punt CJ. Effects of the tumor vasculature targeting agent NGR-TNF on the tumor microenvironment in murine lymphomas. Invest New Drugs. 2006 Jan;24(1):27-36. doi: 10.1007/s10637-005-4540-2.
• Abrey LE, Batchelor TT, Ferreri AJ, Gospodarowicz M, Pulczynski EJ, Zucca E, Smith JR, Korfel A, Soussain C, DeAngelis LM, Neuwelt EA, O'Neill BP, Thiel E, Shenkier T, Graus F, van den Bent M, Seymour JF, Poortmans P, Armitage JO, Cavalli F; International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group. Report of an international workshop to standardize baseline evaluation and response criteria for primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 1;23(22):5034-43. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.13.524. Epub 2005 Jun 13.
• Reni M, Zaja F, Mason W, Perry J, Mazza E, Spina M, Bordonaro R, Ilariucci F, Faedi M, Corazzelli G, Manno P, Franceschi E, Pace A, Candela M, Abbadessa A, Stelitano C, Latte G, Ferreri AJ. Temozolomide as salvage treatment in primary brain lymphomas. Br J Cancer. 2007 Mar 26;96(6):864-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603660. Epub 2007 Feb 27.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 27, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 27, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): January 27, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 7, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 23, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): May 24, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 3, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 2, 2022
• Last Verified: August 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: R-CHOP; CNS lymphoma; BBB permeabilization; TNF
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Necrosis; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Tubulin Modulators; Antimitotic Agents; Mitosis Modulators; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Alkylating Agents; Myeloablative Agonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; Topoisomerase Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Cyclophosphamide; Rituximab; Prednisone; Doxorubicin; Vincristine
• Other Study ID Numbers: INGRID

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No