Differential Efficacy of Corticosteroid Solutions for Non-Operative Treatment of Digit Flexor Tenosynovitis

Differential Efficacy of Corticosteroid Solutions for Non-Operative Treatment of Digit Flexor Tenosynovitis: A Double-Blind Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial

Trigger finger is a common cause of hand pain and dysfunction. Its due to chronic inflammation of the flexor tendon that leads to a pulley system mismatch. Historically it has been managed either conservatively with corticosteroid injections or through a surgical release of the A1 pulley. Several corticosteroids have been used for injection- dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone, betamethasone, paramethasone, etc. The purpose of out study is to determine if a 0.5 cc injection of Triamcinolone 40 mg/mL will be the most effective steroid injection for the non-surgical treatment. Approximately 200 subjects will be enrolled and randomized to one of three treatment arms: Triamcinolone 40mg/mL, Triamcinolone 10mg/mL and Soluble dexamethasone 4mg/mL. Treatment success will be defined as lack of conversion to surgical treatment, or no desire to proceed with surgery during study period (3 months).

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Trigger Finger
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Triamcinolone Acetonide 40mg/mL; Drug: Triamcinolone Acetonide 10mg/mL; Drug: Dexamethasone 4 mg/ml

Detailed Description

Idiopathic stenosing tenosynovitis of the digits, more commonly known as "trigger finger", is a common cause of hand pain and dysfunction. Many previous studies have described the pathophysiology of this condition and it can be summarized as inflammation of the flexor tendons leading to a size mismatch between the tendon and the flexor pulley system. By far the most common location of this mismatch is at the A1 pulley.

The current mainstay of treatment has been:

1. Injection of corticosteroid into the area immediately surrounding the A1 pulley and flexor tendon
2. Surgical release of the A1 pulley

Several corticosteroids have been used for injection- dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, triamcinolone, betamethasone, paramethasone, etc. Less commonly used treatment strategies have included: topical NSAIDs and extracorporeal shock therapy. The typical progression of treatment is one or two steroid injections and then surgical release if injections have failed.

To our knowledge, there have been no head to head comparison studies of the efficacy of different corticosteroid formulations in preventing conversion to surgical treatment. In our study, the investigators will look at the efficacy of two of the most commonly used steroids: triamcinolone and dexamethasone.

Objectives:

Primary outcome: Treatment success, defined as lack of conversion to surgical treatment, or no desire to proceed with surgery during study period (3 months).

Secondary outcomes: Grade of triggering (Green classification of trigger finger severity1), QuickDASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) and PROMIS Upper Extremity scores, VAS.

Inclusion/Exclusion:

Inclusion criteria:

1. Adults aged 18 years and older
2. At least one symptomatic trigger finger
3. Patients recommended to receive corticosteroid injections

Exclusion criteria:

1. Previous surgeries/injections for trigger fingers in digit being treated for study
2. Participating in another clinical trial
3. Inability to receive corticosteroid injections (i.e. allergies, adverse reactions, etc.)
4. Unable to sign informed consent
5. Pregnant or plan to become pregnant

Study Procedures/Methods:

Enrollment/Randomization/Treatment Visit:

Eligible patients presenting with primary flexor tenosynovitis will be enrolled on a voluntary basis. Prior to the injection, subjects will be asked to complete the PROMIS and QuickDASH surveys to collect data at baseline.

Enrolled patients will be randomized to one of three treatment arms:

1. Triamcinolone 40mg/mL
2. Triamcinolone 10mg/mL
3. Soluble dexamethasone 4mg/mL

Each study patient will receive the appropriate corticosteroid injection in the affected digit(s), consisting of a 1:1 mixture of 1% lidocaine plain and corticosteroid, total volume 1cc.

Blinding:

Syringes will be prepared and masked with opaque tape by the clinic nurses, thus providing blinding for providers administering the injection.

Follow-Up/Clinic Visits:

Subjects will be re-evaluated at 6 weeks post-injection and, if still symptomatic, will undergo a second injection of the same corticosteroid solution. At final follow-up (12 weeks), symptomatic patients who have failed treatment after 2 injections will be offered surgical release of the A1 pulley. Subjects who refuse a second injection at 6 weeks follow-up will be offered surgery, and the reason for refusal (treatment failure) will be recorded.

The visits and all research activity will be outlined below:

6 Week Follow-Up:

Objective Measures:

- Grade of triggering (Green classification of trigger finger severity1)

Subjective Measures:

• QuickDASH
• PROMIS scores

• VAS Second Corticosteroid injection (if subject still symptomatic)

  12 Week (3 Month) Follow-Up (if applicable):

Objective Measures:

- Grade of triggering (Green classification of trigger finger severity1)

Subjective Measures:

- QuickDASH

- PROMIS scores

- VAS

6 Month Follow-Up: The patient will be contacted to check on the status of their condition. If they are still experiencing a degree of triggering they will be advised by their physician to return to clinic for a standard of care visit. If they are no longer experiencing triggering, they will be asked to complete a survey over the phone or online only.

Specimen Collection: If a patient is recommended to undergo surgery at the end of the study, the tenosynovium that is normally resected and discarded after surgery will be collected for analysis. After collection these tissues and data will be identified from the patient and assigned a number for use in study analysis. The investigators seek to only collect tissues from patients that are normally removed and discarded during trigger finger release procedures. None of the patients will undergo additional surgical procedures for the collection of tissues in this study. For simplification purposes, potential subjects must agree to the collection of these specimens to participate in the study, even if they do not end up needing surgical intervention.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 120
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Missouri
    • Columbia, Missouri, United States, 65212
      • University of Missouri Health Care

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adults aged 18 years and older
2. At least one symptomatic trigger finger
3. Patients recommended to receive corticosteroid injections

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Previous surgeries/injections for trigger fingers in digit being treated for study
2. Participating in another clinical trial
3. Inability to receive corticosteroid injections (i.e. allergies, adverse reactions, etc.)
4. Unable to sign informed consent
5. Pregnant or plan to become pregnant

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Triamcinolone 40mg/mL; A corticosteroid injection of Triamcinolone 40mg/mL will be given to subjects to treat their symptoms of trigger finger.	Drug: Triamcinolone Acetonide 40mg/mL; Corticosteroid injection will occur up to two times if trigger finger symptoms are not resolved.
Active Comparator: Triamcinolone 10mg/mL; A corticosteroid injection of Triamcinolone 10mg/mL will be given to subjects to treat their symptoms of trigger finger.	Drug: Triamcinolone Acetonide 10mg/mL; Corticosteroid injection will occur up to two times if trigger finger symptoms are not resolved.
Active Comparator: Soluble dexamethasone 4mg/mL; A corticosteroid injection of Soluble Dexamethasone 4mg/mL will be given to subjects to treat their symptoms of trigger finger.	Drug: Dexamethasone 4 mg/ml; Corticosteroid injection will occur up to two times if trigger finger symptoms are not resolved.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Green classification of trigger finger severity	The degree of triggering will be determined by the investigator and recorded. The grade of triggering will be scored on a grading scale of 1, 2, 3 or 4. Grade 1 is palm pain and tenderness at A-1 pulley, Grade 2 is catching of digit, and Grade 3 is locking of digit, passively correctable, and Grade 4 is classified as a fixed or locked digit.	6 Weeks
Green classification of trigger finger severity	The degree of triggering will be determined by the investigator and recorded. The grade of triggering will be scored on a grading scale of 1, 2, 3 or 4. Grade 1 is palm pain and tenderness at A-1 pulley, Grade 2 is catching of digit, and Grade 3 is locking of digit, passively correctable, and Grade 4 is classified as a fixed or locked digit.	6 Month
Green classification of trigger finger severity	The degree of triggering will be determined by the investigator and recorded. The grade of triggering will be scored on a grading scale of 1, 2, 3 or 4. Grade 1 is palm pain and tenderness at A-1 pulley, Grade 2 is catching of digit, and Grade 3 is locking of digit, passively correctable, and Grade 4 is classified as a fixed or locked digit.	12 Weeks
Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)	The patient will be asked to complete a questionnaire with questions related to their hand. Their answers will be scored on a scale of 0-100 with 0 being no disability and 100 being the highest level of disability.	6 Weeks
Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)	The patient will be asked to complete a questionnaire with questions related to their hand. Their answers will be scored on a scale of 0-100 with 0 being no disability and 100 being the highest level of disability.	12 Weeks
Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH)	The patient will be asked to complete a questionnaire with questions related to their hand. Their answers will be scored on a scale of 0-100 with 0 being no disability and 100 being the highest level of disability.	6 Month
Pain Visual Analog Score (VAS)	The patient will be asked to report their pain on a scale of 0 - 10 using the Visual Analog Scale with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain the patient can imagine.	6 Weeks
Pain Visual Analog Score (VAS)	The patient will be asked to report their pain on a scale of 0 - 10 using the Visual Analog Scale with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain the patient can imagine.	12 Weeks
Pain Visual Analog Score (VAS)	The patient will be asked to report their pain on a scale of 0 - 10 using the Visual Analog Scale with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain the patient can imagine.	6 Month
Upper Extremity Scores (PROMIS)	The patient will be asked to complete a questionnaire with questions related to their hand.	6 Weeks
Upper Extremity Scores (PROMIS)	The patient will be asked to complete a questionnaire with questions related to their hand.	12 Weeks
Upper Extremity Scores (PROMIS)	The patient will be asked to complete a questionnaire with questions related to their hand.	6 Month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Missouri-Columbia
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jay Bridgeman, MD, University of Missouri-Columbia

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• 1- Wolfe SW, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, Kozin SH, Tendinopathy, in: Green's Operative Hand Surgery, 6th edition, Churchill Livingstone, Chap. 62, p. 5, 2011.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 25, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 19, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 21, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 26, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): June 28, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 5, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 2, 2023
• Last Verified: October 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Trigger Finger
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Musculoskeletal Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Tendinopathy; Tendon Entrapment; Tenosynovitis; Trigger Finger Disorder; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Antiemetics; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Dexamethasone; Triamcinolone; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Triamcinolone hexacetonide; Triamcinolone diacetate
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2014039

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No