Ketone Supplementation, Glycogen Replenishment and Time Trial Performance Following Glycogen Lowering Exercise

Effect of Ketone Supplementation on Glycogen Replenishment and Time Trial Performance Following Glycogen Lowering Exercise

20 healthy trained males will volunteer to participate in this study. there will be 2 treatments: Carbohydrate- ketone supplementation and carbohydrate alone. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of glucose-ketone supplementation on a 20 km cycling time trial with a 2-hour feeding during a 4-hour recovery period following glycogen depleting exercise.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Ketosis; Exercise Performance; Ketonemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: 20 km time trial performance; Behavioral: Glycogen lowering exercise

Detailed Description

Carbohydrates (starches & sugars) are important muscle fuel for exercise at moderate to high intensities. Low glycogen content (stored form of carbohydrates in the body) is associated with fatigue. Thus, greater initial glycogen content has been associated with better performance not only in high intensity intermittent sports, but also in prolonged endurance sports. Dose-response studies have determined that ingestion of 1.2 g·kg-1·h-1 of CHO is the appropriate acute recovery dose to optimize glycogen repletion, with no apparent benefit at higher doses. Protein in combination with CHO has also been proposed to enhance glycogen resynthesis when 1 part protein is provided with ~4 parts CHO. Both strategies, optimal CHO intake and CHO in combination with protein for glycogen resynthesis, have resulted in better exercise performance a few hours after a depleting exercise bout. A recent study provided athletes with ketone esters in a drink after glycogen depleting exercise and found that in the presence of high glucose availability, ketone esters increased glycogen stores by 50% compared to a no ketone, high carbohydrate treatment. However, the authors of this study provided a large quantity of carbohydrates intravenously to maintain blood glucose at 10Mm/L. Consequently, it is unknown whether or not ingesting glucose at the optimal dosage would have the same effect. Furthermore, it is unclear whether or not this difference would translate into improved performance in efforts of more moderate duration. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effect of glucose-ketone supplementation on a 20 km cycling time trial with a 2-hour feeding during a 4-hour recovery period following glycogen depleting exercise.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 20
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 3K7
      • Recruiting
      • Exercise Nutrition Laboratory (Western University)

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• In order to be eligible to participate in this study you must be a healthy male or female exercise trained individual (at least 1y training experience - at least 3x week), aged 18-40 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• have not involved been involved in regular exercise (at least 3x week for at least the past year)
• Have symptoms or take medication for respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, neuromuscular disease
• Use any medications with side effects of dizziness, lack of motor control, or slowed reaction time
• Are taking part in another research study
• For women, if you are pregnant or become pregnant during the study.
• Have a history of concussion/head injuries.
• Have an excessive alcohol intake (>2 drinks/day)
• Are a smoker

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: OTHER
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
• Masking: DOUBLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Placebo; isocaloric carbohydrate - only containing drink will be ingested post glycogen lowering exercise, followed by a 20 km time trial intervention	Behavioral: 20 km time trial performance; 20 km time trial cycling test will be conducted to measure the effect of different drinks on performance time; Behavioral: Glycogen lowering exercise; Glycogen will be lowered using a 10-min warm-up period at a workload of 50% max wattage power output (Wmax). Thereafter, participants will be instructed to cycle 2-min block periods at alternating workloads of 90% and 50% of Wmax, respectively. This will be continued until the participants are no longer able to complete the 2 min at 90% Wmax. That moment will be defined as the time at which the individual is unable to maintain cycling speed at 60 revolutions/min. At that moment the high-intensity block will be reduced to 80% Wmax. Again, athletes will cycle until they are unable to complete a 2-min block at 80% Wmax, after which the high-intensity block will be reduced to 70% Wmax. Finally, participants will be allowed to stop when pedalling speed could not be maintained at 70% Wmax.
EXPERIMENTAL: Ketone_CHO; Ketone - Carbohydrate supplementation will be ingested post glycogen lowering exercise, followed by a 20 km time trial intervention	Behavioral: 20 km time trial performance; 20 km time trial cycling test will be conducted to measure the effect of different drinks on performance time; Behavioral: Glycogen lowering exercise; Glycogen will be lowered using a 10-min warm-up period at a workload of 50% max wattage power output (Wmax). Thereafter, participants will be instructed to cycle 2-min block periods at alternating workloads of 90% and 50% of Wmax, respectively. This will be continued until the participants are no longer able to complete the 2 min at 90% Wmax. That moment will be defined as the time at which the individual is unable to maintain cycling speed at 60 revolutions/min. At that moment the high-intensity block will be reduced to 80% Wmax. Again, athletes will cycle until they are unable to complete a 2-min block at 80% Wmax, after which the high-intensity block will be reduced to 70% Wmax. Finally, participants will be allowed to stop when pedalling speed could not be maintained at 70% Wmax.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
20 km cycling time trial	participants will ride for 20 km on a stationary bike and time to finish will be measured	40 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Blood insulin	insulin in blood will be measured using ELISA kits	2 hours
Blood Lactate	blood lactate will be measured using lactate meter	45 minutes
Blood Ketones	Ketones in blood will be measured using ketone meter	2 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Western University, Canada
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Peter Lemon, PhD, Western Universiy

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): September 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED): September 1, 2020
• Study Completion (ANTICIPATED): September 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 27, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 27, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): July 2, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): October 2, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 30, 2019
• Last Verified: September 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Ketones; Exercise Performance; Glycogen replenishment
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Metabolic Diseases; Acid-Base Imbalance; Acidosis; Ketosis
• Other Study ID Numbers: 113713

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No