Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Delivered by Automated Software Messaging

This study aims to 1) observe the course of pain, 2) mental status, and 3) possible effect of a behavioral intervention delivered via an automated mobile phone messaging robot in patients were indicated and/or scheduled to undergo joint replacement but have been cancelled or delayed due to the COVID-19 crisis.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Knee Osteoarthritis; Hip Osteoarthritis; Coronavirus; Mental Stress
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Software Messaging

Detailed Description

Adult patients presenting to a University Hospital and found to have hip and knee osteoarthritis that had failed conservative management were subsequently indicated for primary hip or knee replacement (arthroplasty). Patients who subsequently had their surgery delayed or cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic were eligible for this study. Eligible patients consenting to the study will be assigned a unique study identification number (ID). A master database linking patient ID to patient name and medical record number will be housed on a password protected and encrypted departmental server location, which only research personnel can access.

Participants will complete a basic demographics survey and preoperative/ baseline patient reported outcome surveys at enrollment, including the Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) Pain Intensity 1A short form, PROMIS Pain Intensity 3A short form, PROMIS Pain Interference 8A short form, and PROMIS 8A Emotional Distress-Anxiety 8A short forms. Following completion of these surveys, subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio using a random number generator into one of two study groups. The intervention group will receive mobile messages communicating the behavior intervention. The control group will not receive the intervention. Subjects will not be blinded to their study group. Participants randomized to the intervention group were subsequently enrolled into the automated mobile messaging protocol and received a confirmation message welcoming them to the study, which was reviewed with them by the research assistant. Subjects were instructed that they were only required to read all messages, no responses were required.

A single instance of follow-up will take place on Day 14 of the study. This will occur over the phone with a research team member. Subjects will fill out a second set of the patient reported outcome surveys completed at enrollment. Collection of these followup items marks the end of the subject's participation in the study. No data collection is planned following the two week study period. The study hypothesis is that subjects receiving the behavior intervention delivered via an automated mobile messaging robot would demonstrate better patient reported outcome survey scores than controls at follow-up.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 90
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Iowa
    • Iowa City, Iowa, United States, 52242
      • University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Any patient who had been indicated for primary joint replacement but subsequently experienced a delay or cancellation in their surgical date due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing revision joint replacement
• Patients who do not own a mobile phone or do not utilize text messaging as a form of communication

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Software Messaging; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Subjects randomizing into this arm received the study intervention that consisted of twice-daily, AM and PM, text messages starting on postoperative day one and ending on postoperative day fourteen. Subjects were only required to read these messages, which utilized the principles of Acceptance and Commitment therapy	Behavioral: Software Messaging; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Delivered via an Automated Mobile Messaging Robot Mobile messages utilizing the principles of Acceptance and Commitment therapy. These messages were developed in collaboration with a pain psychologist who specializes in treating chronic pain with Acceptance and Commitment therapy. Subjects received twice-daily messages for two weeks following their orthopaedic procedure.
No Intervention: Control; Subjects randomizing into this arm did not receive the text message study intervention.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in reported pain intensity score (PROMIS Pain Intensity 3A) Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system Pain Intensity (PROMIS) 3A short form scores collected from all participating subjects.	PROMIS Pain Intensity 3A short form is a 3 question survey measuring an individual's pain over the past 7 days. It utilizes a scale of 1 (no pain) to 5 (very severe pain) for all questions. The scores for the 3 questions are summed and then matched to a corresponding t-score for the instrument. The corresponding t-score is the final, reportable score and can range from 30.7 to 71.8 for the PROMIS Pain Intensity 3A instrument. Higher t-score values represent worse pain outcomes. More information on this instrument, including a scoring manual, can be found at http://www.healthmeasures.net	Measurements assessed via a computer interface of the standardized form listed above on the day of enrollment and on day fourteen, via telephone.
Change in reported pain intensity score (PROMIS Pain Intensity 1A) Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system Pain Intensity (PROMIS) 1A short form scores collected from all participating subjects.	PROMIS Pain Intensity 1A short form is a 1 question survey measuring an individual's average pain over the past 7 days. It utilizes a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). Higher values represent worse pain outcomes. More information on this instrument, including a scoring manual, can be found at http://www.healthmeasures.net	Measurements assessed via a computer interface of the standardized form listed above on the day of enrollment and on day fourteen, via telephone.
Change in reported pain interference score Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) Pain Interference 8A short form scores collected from all participating subjects.	The PROMIS Pain Interference 8A short form is an 8 question survey that measures how much pain has interfered in the respondent's life over the past 7 days. It utilizes a scale of 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much) for all questions. The scores for all 8 questions are summed and then matched to a corresponding t-score for the instrument. The corresponding t-score is the final, reportable score and can range from 40.7 to 77.0 for the PROMIS Pain Interference 8A instrument. Higher t-score values represent worse pain interference outcomes. More information on this instrument, including a scoring manual, can be found at http://www.healthmeasures.net	Measurements assessed via a computer interface of the standardized form listed above on the day of enrollment and on day fourteen, via telephone.
Change in reported emotional distress (anxiety) score. Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) Emotional Distress-Anxiety 8A short form scores collected from all participating subjects.	The PROMIS Emotional Distress-Anxiety 8A short form is an 8 statement survey that measures how much emotional distress, specifically due to anxiety, a respondent has experienced over the past 7 days. It utilizes a scale of 1 (never) to 5 (always) for all the statements. The scores for all 8 statements are summed and then matched to a corresponding t-score for the instrument. The corresponding t-score is the final, reportable score and can range from 37.1 to 83.1 for the PROMIS Emotional Distress-Anxiety 8A instrument. Higher t-score values represent worse anxiety caused emotional distress outcomes. More information on this instrument, including a scoring manual, can be found at http://www.healthmeasures.net	Measurements assessed via a computer interface of the standardized form listed above on the day of enrollment and on day fourteen, via telephone.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Iowa
• Investigators: Study Director: Nic Bedard, MD, University of Iowa Department of Orthopaedics

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Rathbone AL, Prescott J. The Use of Mobile Apps and SMS Messaging as Physical and Mental Health Interventions: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2017 Aug 24;19(8):e295. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7740.
• Jones J Jr, Southerland W, Catalani B. The Importance of Optimizing Acute Pain in the Orthopedic Trauma Patient. Orthop Clin North Am. 2017 Oct;48(4):445-465. doi: 10.1016/j.ocl.2017.06.003.
• Anthony CA, Peterson AR. Utilization of a text-messaging robot to assess intraday variation in concussion symptom severity scores. Clin J Sport Med. 2015 Mar;25(2):149-52. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000115.
• Anthony CA, Polgreen LA, Chounramany J, Foster ED, Goerdt CJ, Miller ML, Suneja M, Segre AM, Carter BL, Polgreen PM. Outpatient blood pressure monitoring using bi-directional text messaging. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2015 May;9(5):375-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.01.008. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
• Hughes LS, Clark J, Colclough JA, Dale E, McMillan D. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Clin J Pain. 2017 Jun;33(6):552-568. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000425.
• Anthony CA, Lawler EA, Glass NA, McDonald K, Shah AS. Delivery of Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments by Automated Mobile Phone Text Messaging. Hand (N Y). 2017 Nov;12(6):614-621. doi: 10.1177/1558944716672201. Epub 2016 Oct 6.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 5, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 15, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 30, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 30, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): April 1, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 16, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 14, 2020
• Last Verified: July 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: COVID-19; Mental health; Orthopaedics; Coranavirus
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Arthritis; Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Stress, Psychological; Osteoarthritis, Hip
• Other Study ID Numbers: 201412701-1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No