Baduanjin on Patients With Schizophrenia

The Feasibility and Efficacy of Baduanjin Exercise on Cognition and Physical Fitness Among Patients With Schizophrenia:Randomized Controlled Trial

As an ancient, popular Chinese exercise, Baduanjin is characterized by symmetrical posture, deep breathing and meditation and easy to learn. Previous studies showed immediate effect of Baduanjin on cognition in patients with schizophrenia.The purpose of this study is to investigate the immediate effect and chronic effect of Baduanjin exercise on physical fitness, cognition and daily functions in middle-aged and older adults with schizophrenia.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Schizophrenia
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Baduanjin exercise program; Behavioral: Brisk walking program

Detailed Description

A single-blind, 2-arm randomized controlled trial investigating the benefits of Baduanjin exercise on middle-aged and older patients with schizophrenia. A total of 48 participants will be assigned to either 12 weeks of 60-minute two sessions per week Baduanjin exercise group or a brisk walking group. Primary outcomes are physical fitness and cognition functions. Secondary outcomes are dual task performance and daily functions. Evaluation will be completed at baseline, immediately after treatment and 4-week follow up.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 48
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 833
    • Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 40 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Having a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-5.
• Independent adult aged 40 years or older in the day-care center.
• Having a stable mental status without shift in medication and keep in same dose for at least one month.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Serious physical conditions that will impede participation, such as cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disease or pulmonary system disease.
• Visual or auditory impairment that precludes completion of assessment.
• Acute psychosis requiring hospitalization.
• Presence of severe withdrawal or profound cognitive disability that cause difficulties in following instructions.
• Participating in another clinical trial at the same time.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Baduanjin exercise group; The intervention group will practice Badunjin in a group which include 6-8 participants and one trained medical staff. The Baduanjin is an ancient Chinese mind-body exercise, which comprised of eight simple movements. The sessions will take place twice a week, 60 minutes per session for a total duration of 12 weeks	Behavioral: Baduanjin exercise program; The sessions includes 10-minute warm-up, 40-minute Baduanjin exercise and 10-minute cool down.; Other Names: Eight Silken Movements; Eight Silk Weaving
Active Comparator: Control group; The control group will receive brisk walking activities. The sessions will take place twice a week, 60 minutes per session for a total duration of 12 weeks	Behavioral: Brisk walking program; The sessions includes 10-minute warm-up, 40-minute brisk walking and 10-minute cool down.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change scores of 6-minute walk test	This test evaluates cardiovascular fitness and walking speed.	Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of 30-second chair stand test	This test evaluates muscular endurance of lower-extremities.	Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of Timed up-and-go test	This test evaluates functional mobility, agility and balance	Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of Montreal cognitive assessment	This test evaluates global cognition.	Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of Trail making test (part A and part B)	This test evaluates speed of processing, visual attention and cognitive flexibility.	Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of Logical Memory	It is a subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale. This test evaluates memory.	Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change scores of dual task Timed up-and-go test (manual)	This test requires carry a cup of water 3 cm from the top of the cup while performing the Timed up-and-go test. It evaluates dual task performance.	Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of dual task Timed up-and-go test (cognitive)	This test combine serial three counting and Timed up-and-go test simultaneously. It evaluates dual task performance.	Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up
Change scores of Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale III	It is a self-administered, paper-and-pencil test that evaluates daily functions	Baseline, immediate after treatment, 4-week follow up

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
• Collaborators: National Taiwan University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 10, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 30, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): June 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 3, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 10, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): June 12, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 30, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 25, 2025
• Last Verified: May 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Schizophrenia, mind body intervention ,Baduanjin
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders; Mental Disorders; Schizophrenia
• Other Study ID Numbers: 202000817B0

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No