Ex-vivo Delivery of Rituximab to Prevent PTLD in EBV Mismatch Lung Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Trial

July 29, 2022 updated by: University Health Network, Toronto

Ex-vivo Delivery of Rituximab to Prevent Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease in Epstein-Barr Virus Mismatch Lung Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Trial

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) can present as a type of malignancy that limits patient and graft survival after solid organ transplantation. Many early PTLDs are driven by the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV).

Once acquired, EBV virus establishes latency in B-cells and can reactivate under immunosuppression. The highest risk transplant type to develop PTLD are lung transplants who have newly acquired EBV from their donors (D+/R-). There are no good modalities to prevent PTLD from developing after transplant. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that depletes B-cells thereby also reducing the burden of EBV. However, rituximab can have toxicities when given intravenously including infusion reactions and increased risk of reactions.

Furthermore, more than one dose is usually required. The Toronto Transplant program has developed a technology called ex vivo lung perfusion that repairs lungs outside of the body. Preliminary work has shown that rituximab given through the EVLP circuit can coat B-cells. We have also shown that there is no toxicity to the lung by giving rituximab. The current highly novel study proposes to treat donor lungs ex-vivo with rituximab in order to decrease the amount of B-cells and EBV in the graft. These lungs will then be transplanted into EBV negative patients with the hope that transmission of EBV would be reduced or prevented. Ten patients will be included in the current trial. Outcomes include safety, EBV viral load, and B-cell measurements in biopsies.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Previous studies have shown that EBV D+/R- lung transplant patients have a high rate of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease up to 22%. Various methods have been proposed to decrease the risk of PTLD in EBV D+/R- organ transplants. These include a) antiviral prophylaxis with valganciclovir; b) EBV viral load monitoring and reduction of immunosuppression; c) avoidance of polyclonal antibody induction; d) treatment of EBV viremia with ganciclovir +/- intravenous immunoglobulin; e) pre-emptive systemic rituximab for EBV viremia. Antiviral strategies which include (val)ganciclovir in particular do not have proven efficacy in this setting. In addition, current antivirals do NOT target latent virus which would be the predominant form of virus in the allograft, and is also the predominant viral state that drives B-cell proliferation. Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets CD20+ B-cells. It has been used clinically for many years to treat a variety of diseases and is used in transplantation for induction. Rituximab has been used successfully as a prophylactic and therapeutic drug for the reduction of EBV viremia and PTLD in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) is a novel method of donor lung preservation and treatment developed in Toronto which allows donor lungs to be treated for up to 12h or more under protective physiological conditions. This essentially creates a critical time window in which donor lungs can be optimally repaired prior to transplant. An advantage of ex-vivo delivery of rituximab includes the ability to deliver high-doses locally to the graft while potentially avoiding serious adverse effects in the recipient. Pre-clinical studies have shown that adding rituximab to the perfusate allows for safe delivery of the drug directly to the lungs and adjacent lymph nodes and is non-toxic. EBV D+/R- lung transplant patients have a high rate of PTLD. There are no proven prevention measures. Rituximab is a commonly used medication in transplant patients as well as for other indications. Rituximab depletes B cells in lung tissues and may reduce the transmission of EBV, thereby preventing PTLD. Giving Rituximab directly to the lungs will avoid systemic toxicity in the patient. The investigators hypothesize that donor lungs treated with Rituximab during ex vivo lung perfusion will result in B-cell depletion and therefore be less likely to transmit EBV, thereby reducing the risk of PTLD in the lung recipient. As noted above the advantages of delivering rituximab ex vivo include prevention of adverse effects of rituximab including systemic depletion of B-cells, reduced systemic immunosuppression, and infusion-related toxicities, and ability to deliver a high-dose locally to the allograft.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

10

Phase

  • Phase 2
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Canada
    • Ontario
      • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G2N2
        • Recruiting
        • University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Multi-Organ Transplant
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age >=18 years
  • Listed for single or double lung transplantation
  • EBV (EBNA IgG and/or VCA IgG) seronegative (tested within the last 12 months)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • EBV seropositivity at any time prior to transplant
  • History of Cancer (eg, lymphoma)
  • History of receiving rituximab or allergy to rituximab
  • Underlying immunodeficiency (eg, common variable immune deficiency)
  • Unable or unwilling to comply with study procedures

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Rituximab + Ex-vivo lung perfusion
Donor lungs deemed suitable for such patients will undergo ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) as per standard practice. In clinical practice almost all adult donor lungs are EBV seropositive. If in the rare case the donor lung is EBV seronegative, then the lung transplant candidate/recipient will no longer need to be part of the study. Therefore, for EBV seropositive lungs meant for an EBV seronegative recipient, one dose of rituximab (500mg) will be added to the EVLP perfusate and be allowed to circulate for 3-4 hours. Lungs will then be transplanted as per standard procedure.
Biological: Rituximab
For EBV seropositive lungs meant for an EBV seronegative recipient, one dose of rituximab (500mg) will be added to the EVLP perfusate and be allowed to circulate for 3-4 hours.
Other Names:
  • Rituxan

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of patients with Primary Graft Dysfunction
Time Frame: 1 week post-transplant
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) will be measured using previously defined criteria: PGD2 will be a PaO2:FiO2 of 200-300 mmHg with pulmonary edema on chest radiograph whereas PGD3 will be a PaO2:FiO2 of <200 mmHg with pulmonary edema on chest radiograph or use of ECMO.
1 week post-transplant

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of patients with plasma EBV viral load of >=10,000 copies/mL
Time Frame: 12 months post-transplant
Plasma EBV viral load of >=10,000 copies/mL. This will be compared to historic controls.
12 months post-transplant

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University Health Network, Toronto

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Deepali Kumar, University Health Network, Toronto

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 7, 2020

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

December 7, 2022

Study Completion (Anticipated)

February 7, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 4, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 7, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

August 11, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 2, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 29, 2022

Last Verified

July 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 19-6260

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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