- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04538521
NiaMIT Continuation With Early-stage Mitochondrial Myopathy Patients
NiaMIT (NiaMIT_0001) Continuation for Early-stage Mitochondrial Myopathy Patients to Investigate the Effect of Niacin Supplementation on Systemic Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) Metabolism, Physiology and Muscle Performance
The most frequent form of adult-onset mitochondrial disorders is mitochondrial myopathy, often manifesting with progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), progressive muscle weakness and exercise intolerance. Mitochondrial myopathy is often caused by single heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions or multiple mtDNA deletions, the former being sporadic and latter caused by mutations in nuclear-encoded proteins of mtDNA maintenance. Currently, no curative treatment exists for this disease. However, an NAD+ precursor vitamin B3 has been demonstrated to give power to diseased mitochondria in animal studies by increasing intracellular levels of NAD+, the important cofactor required for the cellular energy metabolism. Vitamin B3 exists in several forms: nicotinic acid (niacin), nicotinamide, and nicotinamide riboside. Nicotinamide riboside has been shown to prevent and improve disease symptoms in several mouse models of mitochondrial myopathy. In addition, the investigators have previously observed that treatment with another form of vitamin B3, niacin, improved NAD+ deficiency and muscle performance in mitochondrial myopathy patients.
In this study, the form of vitamin B3, niacin, is used to activate dysfunctional mitochondria and to rescue signs of mitochondrial myopathy in early-stage patients. Of the vitamin B3 forms, niacin, is employed, because it has been used in large doses to treat hypercholesterolemia patients, and has a proven safety record in humans. Phenotypically similar mitochondrial myopathy patients are studied, as the investigator's previous expertise indicates that similar presenting phenotypes predict uniform physiological and clinical responses to interventions, despite varying genetic backgrounds. Patients with mitochondrial myopathy, typically harboring a sporadic single mtDNA deletion or a mutation in nuclear mtDNA maintenance gene causing multiple mtDNA deletions, are recruited. In addition, data from healthy controls from the primary NiaMIT study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03973203) are utilized to analyse the collected data. Clinical examinations and collection of muscle biopsies are performed at the time points 0 and 10 months. Fasting blood samples are collected every second week until 1.5 months, every fourth week until 4 months and thereafter every six weeks until the end of the study. The effects of niacin on disease markers, muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle strength and the metabolism of the whole body are studied in patients and healthy controls.
The hypothesis is that an NAD+ precursor, niacin, will increase intracellular NAD+ levels, improve mitochondrial biogenesis and alleviate the symptoms of mitochondrial myopathy already in early stages of the disease.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Early-stage, genetically diagnosed mitochondrial myopathy, with no major other symptoms or manifestations, caused by single or multiple deletions of mtDNA
- Agreed to avoid vitamin supplementation or nutritional products with vitamin B3 forms 14 days prior to the enrollment and during the study
- Written, informed consent to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
- Inability to follow study protocol
- Pregnancy or breast-feeding at any time of the trial
- Malignancy that requires continuous treatment
- Unstable heart disease
- Severe kidney disease requiring treatment
- Severe encephalopathy
- Regular usage of intoxicants
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Basic Science
- Allocation: N/A
- Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
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Experimental: Niacin in early-stage mitochondrial myopathy patients
The arm includes mitochondrial myopathy patients supplemented with niacin.
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The dose for a slow-released form of niacin will be 500-1000 mg/day.
The daily niacin dose, 250 mg/day, is gradually escalated by 250 mg/month so that the full dose is reached after 2 months.
The intervention time with the full niacin dose is 8 months and subsequently total intervention time 10 months.
Other Names:
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
NAD+ and related metabolite levels in blood and muscle
Time Frame: Baseline, 4 months and 10 months
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Change in concentrations of NAD+ and related metabolites such as: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide mononucleotide measured using a quantitative colorimetric assay.
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Baseline, 4 months and 10 months
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Number of diseased muscle fibers
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in number of abnormal muscle fibers (frozen sections, in situ histochemical activity analysis of cytochrome c oxidase negative / succinate-dehydrogenase positive muscle fibers; and immunohistochemistry of complex I negative muscle fibers
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Baseline and 10 months
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Mitochondrial biogenesis
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in mitochondria immunohistochemical staining intensity
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Baseline and 10 months
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Muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in muscle histochemical activity of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase
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Baseline and 10 months
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Muscle and blood metabolomic profiles
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in muscle or serum/plasma metabolite concentrations measured with mass spectrometry
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Baseline and 10 months
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Core muscle strength
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in core muscle strength measured by static and dynamic back and abdominal strength tests (number of repeats)
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Baseline and 10 months
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Circulating levels of disease biomarkers, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in circulating FGF21 and GDF15 concentrations measured using ELISA kits
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Baseline and 10 months
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Muscle mitochondrial DNA deletions
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in muscle mtDNA deletion load detected using polymerase chain reaction amplification
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Baseline and 10 months
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Muscle transcriptomic profile
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in muscle gene expression determined using RNA sequencing approach
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Baseline and 10 months
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Other Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Circulating lipid profiles
Time Frame: Baseline, 4 months and 10 months
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Change in circulating HDL, LDL and triglyceride concentrations measured using standard photometric enzymatic assay
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Baseline, 4 months and 10 months
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Body weight
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in body weight
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Baseline and 10 months
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Body composition
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in fat mass and fat free mass measured with bioimpedance
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Baseline and 10 months
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Ectopic lipid accumulation, i.e. liver and muscle lipid content
Time Frame: Baseline and 10 months
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Change in liver and muscle fat content measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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Baseline and 10 months
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Anu Suomalainen Wartiovaara, MD, PhD, Research Program Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Suomalainen A, Battersby BJ. Mitochondrial diseases: the contribution of organelle stress responses to pathology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2018 Feb;19(2):77-92. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.66. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
- Ylikallio E, Suomalainen A. Mechanisms of mitochondrial diseases. Ann Med. 2012 Feb;44(1):41-59. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2011.598547. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
- Rajman L, Chwalek K, Sinclair DA. Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence. Cell Metab. 2018 Mar 6;27(3):529-547. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.011.
- Khan NA, Auranen M, Paetau I, Pirinen E, Euro L, Forsstrom S, Pasila L, Velagapudi V, Carroll CJ, Auwerx J, Suomalainen A. Effective treatment of mitochondrial myopathy by nicotinamide riboside, a vitamin B3. EMBO Mol Med. 2014 Jun;6(6):721-31. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201403943.
- Cerutti R, Pirinen E, Lamperti C, Marchet S, Sauve AA, Li W, Leoni V, Schon EA, Dantzer F, Auwerx J, Viscomi C, Zeviani M. NAD(+)-dependent activation of Sirt1 corrects the phenotype in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease. Cell Metab. 2014 Jun 3;19(6):1042-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.04.001. Epub 2014 May 8.
- Guyton JR, Bays HE. Safety considerations with niacin therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Mar 19;99(6A):22C-31C. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.11.018. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
- Vosper H. Niacin: a re-emerging pharmaceutical for the treatment of dyslipidaemia. Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;158(2):429-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00349.x. Epub 2009 Jul 20.
- Ahola S, Auranen M, Isohanni P, Niemisalo S, Urho N, Buzkova J, Velagapudi V, Lundbom N, Hakkarainen A, Muurinen T, Piirila P, Pietilainen KH, Suomalainen A. Modified Atkins diet induces subacute selective ragged-red-fiber lysis in mitochondrial myopathy patients. EMBO Mol Med. 2016 Nov 2;8(11):1234-1247. doi: 10.15252/emmm.201606592. Print 2016 Nov.
- Suomalainen A, Elo JM, Pietilainen KH, Hakonen AH, Sevastianova K, Korpela M, Isohanni P, Marjavaara SK, Tyni T, Kiuru-Enari S, Pihko H, Darin N, Ounap K, Kluijtmans LA, Paetau A, Buzkova J, Bindoff LA, Annunen-Rasila J, Uusimaa J, Rissanen A, Yki-Jarvinen H, Hirano M, Tulinius M, Smeitink J, Tyynismaa H. FGF-21 as a biomarker for muscle-manifesting mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies: a diagnostic study. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Sep;10(9):806-18. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70155-7. Epub 2011 Aug 3.
- Nikkanen J, Forsstrom S, Euro L, Paetau I, Kohnz RA, Wang L, Chilov D, Viinamaki J, Roivainen A, Marjamaki P, Liljenback H, Ahola S, Buzkova J, Terzioglu M, Khan NA, Pirnes-Karhu S, Paetau A, Lonnqvist T, Sajantila A, Isohanni P, Tyynismaa H, Nomura DK, Battersby BJ, Velagapudi V, Carroll CJ, Suomalainen A. Mitochondrial DNA Replication Defects Disturb Cellular dNTP Pools and Remodel One-Carbon Metabolism. Cell Metab. 2016 Apr 12;23(4):635-48. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.019. Epub 2016 Feb 25.
- Khan NA, Nikkanen J, Yatsuga S, Jackson C, Wang L, Pradhan S, Kivela R, Pessia A, Velagapudi V, Suomalainen A. mTORC1 Regulates Mitochondrial Integrated Stress Response and Mitochondrial Myopathy Progression. Cell Metab. 2017 Aug 1;26(2):419-428.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.007.
- Pirinen E, Auranen M, Khan NA, Brilhante V, Urho N, Pessia A, Hakkarainen A, Kuula J, Heinonen U, Schmidt MS, Haimilahti K, Piirila P, Lundbom N, Taskinen MR, Brenner C, Velagapudi V, Pietilainen KH, Suomalainen A. Niacin Cures Systemic NAD+ Deficiency and Improves Muscle Performance in Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Myopathy. Cell Metab. 2020 Jun 2;31(6):1078-1090.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.008. Epub 2020 May 7. Erratum In: Cell Metab. 2020 Jul 7;32(1):144.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Metabolic Diseases
- Nervous System Diseases
- Musculoskeletal Diseases
- Neuromuscular Diseases
- Mitochondrial Diseases
- Muscular Diseases
- Mitochondrial Myopathies
- Physiological Effects of Drugs
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
- Vasodilator Agents
- Antimetabolites
- Micronutrients
- Hypolipidemic Agents
- Lipid Regulating Agents
- Vitamins
- Vitamin B Complex
- Nicotinic Acids
- Niacin
Other Study ID Numbers
- NiaMIT_002
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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