Randomized I/II Phase Study of ALZT-OP1 Combination Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Healthy Volunteers

A Phase I/II Randomized, Open-Labeled Study to Evaluate Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects and Safety of ALZT-OP1 in Subjects With Alzheimer's Disease and Normal Healthy Volunteers

This is a randomized, open-label, cross-over, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic PK/PD study. (Part A)The PK portion of the study is designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ALZT-OP1 (a combination drug therapy) designated as ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b, in both plasma and CSF, following co-administration of the two active investigational products, in healthy volunteers and Alzheimer subjects aged 55-79 and in good health. (Part B) The PD portion of the study will evaluate the pharmacodynamics of ALZT- OP1, using both plasma and CSF biomarkers, following 60 days of consecutive daily treatment, in AD subjects only.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Alzheimer Disease; Healthy Volunteers
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: ALZT-OP1 (cromolyn and ibuprofen) ALZT-OP1a (cromolyn) and ALZT-OP1b (ibuprofen)

Detailed Description

This is a phase I/II randomized, open-label, cross-over, PK/PD study. The PK (Part A) portion of the study is designed to evaluate both single and double doses of ALZT-OP-1a (17.1mg or 34.2 mg) and ALZT-OP1b (10 mg or 20 mg) in both Alzheimer's subjects and healthy volunteers. The PD (Part B) portion of the study is designed to evaluate single doses of ALZT-OP-1a (17.1mg) and ALZT-OP1b (10 mg) in AD subjects treated for 60 days. An Alzheimer's control group will be utilized for comparison to active treatment groups but will not be administered study treatment; however, they will have biomarkers collected.

PK (Part A) n=24, both healthy volunteers and AD subjects

Part A is an open-label study, cross-over, PK study where 24 subjects will be randomly assigned to receive treatment regimen A-B or B-A for two consecutive day of dosing.

Subjects will be admitted to the Phase 1 unit the morning before dosing and will initiate dosing the following morning for 2 consecutive days of dosing (A-B, or B-A).

Day 1 (A-B) will consist of a single inhaled oral dose of ALZT-OP1a via dry powder inhaler + a single oral tablet dose of ALZT-OP1b.

Day 2 (B-A) will consist of two oral inhaled doses of ALZT-OP1a, not more than 2 mins apart, via dry powder inhaler + two oral tablets doses of ALZT-OP1b.

Day 1 (B-A) will consist of two oral inhaled doses of ALZT-OP1a, not more than 2 mins apart, via dry powder inhaler + two oral tablets doses of ALZT-OP1b.

Day 2 (A-B) regimen consists of a single inhaled oral dose of ALZT-OP1a via dry powder inhaler + a single oral tablet dose of ALZT-OP1b.

AD subjects will be given the option to roll over into the PD portion of the study.

PD (Part B) n=32, AD subjects only

Part B is an open-label, PD study where 32 AD subjects will be randomly assigned to receive either active treatment or be assigned to a non-treatment control arm.

Twenty-four (24) subjects will be randomly assigned to Treatment Group 1 to receive a single (17.1 mg) inhaled dose of ALZT-OP1a plus a single (10 mg) oral dose of ALZT-OP1b daily for 60 days.

Eight (8) subjects will be randomly assigned to Treatment Group 2 (Control Group) and will not be administered study drug.

All subjects will have plasma collected on Day 1, Day 30, and Day 60 and CSF collected on Day 1 and Day 60.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 56
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Florida
    • Miami Lakes, Florida, United States, 33014
      • Panax Clinical Research

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 51 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• For All Subjects

  1. Provide a signed written informed consent;
  2. Age 55-79 old (inclusive);
  3. ECG without abnormal, clinically significant findings;
  4. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 18 kg/m2 and ≤ 30 kg/m2
  5. Negative urine drug screen for selected drugs of abuse at screening;
  6. Negative for hepatitis and HIV at screening;
  7. Negative for COVID-19 at screening;
  8. Good general health, as determined by medical history, physical examination, and clinical laboratory testing;

  9. Must provide written informed consent for CSF sampling. For AD Subjects Only

     In addition to satisfying all of the above inclusion criteria, AD subjects must also meet the following criteria:

  10. Diagnosed with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease;
  11. Clinical Dementia Rating (Global) 0.5
  12. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) ≤ 22;
  13. Must be fluent in the language of the cognitive testing material being administered;
  14. Stability of permitted medications for 4 weeks prior to study start;
  15. Visual and auditory acuity adequate for neuropsychological testing.
  16. Must provide written informed consent for APOe4 genotype testing; For All Subjects in Part A (PK)
  17. Willingness to stay in the unit overnight for the duration of the PK portion of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• For All Subjects

  1. Current smokers, or ex-smokers with a remote history (> 100 pack/year);
  2. Clinically significant medical conditions;
  3. History of abnormal clinically significant ECG abnormalities;
  4. Symptomatic viral infection, or suspicion thereof (including rhinitis) in the last 14 days prior to dosing;
  5. Signs of active pulmonary infection or other pulmonary inflammatory conditions, even in absence of febrile episodes, in the last 14 days;
  6. History or presence of disease in the kidneys and/or heart, lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine organs or other conditions such as metabolic disease known to interfere with the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs;
  7. Malignancy, regardless of location;
  8. Autoimmune disorders such as (but not limited to) lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or sarcoidosis;
  9. Investigational agents are prohibited one month prior to entry and for the duration of the trial;
  10. Currently taking medications known to be CYP2C9 inducers (e.g., carbamazepine and rifampicin;
  11. Currently taking cromolyn, or have taken cromolyn products, within the past 30 days;
  12. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use (products containing ibuprofen while on study);
  13. Allergy or hypersensitivity to cromolyn (also known as Intal®, Nasalcrom®, Opticrom®, Gastrocrom®, etc.);
  14. Allergy or hypersensitivity to ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®, Nuprin®, etc.) or aspirin, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
  15. History of hypersensitivity or allergies to any of the drug compound under investigation (cromolyn sodium, ibuprofen, lactose, or magnesium stearate);
  16. Current respiratory disorders and chronic respiratory disease with impaired respiratory effort or difficulty taking inhaled drugs (examples: COPD, emphysema);
  17. Abnormal pulmonary function test, defined for this protocol as: FEV1 < 70% of predicted value, indicating moderate or severe respiratory impairment;
  18. Any other disease or condition, which, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the subject unsuitable for this study;

  19. Female subjects of reproductive potential with a positive pregnancy test (urine or serum) or who are pregnant or lactating.

      For AD Subjects Only

      In addition to not meeting any of the above exclusion criteria for Normal Healthy Volunteers, AD subjects must also not meet any of the following criteria:

  20. Any significant neurological disease other than suspected incipient AD, such as Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, Huntington's disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus, brain tumor, progressive supranuclear palsy, seizure disorder, subdural hematoma, multiple sclerosis, or history of significant head trauma followed by persistent neurologic defaults or known structural brain abnormalities;
  21. Major depressive episode, as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) within the past 6 months, which could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol;
  22. History of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (DSM-V criteria);
  23. Currently taking medications that could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol; For All Subjects in Part A (PK)
  24. Aspirin, or products containing aspirin, while on PK study; For All Subjects in Part B (PD)
  25. Chronic daily use of aspirin exceeding standard of care guidelines for low dose aspirin therapy for prevention of stroke and/or other recommended uses, while on PD study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Part A; 24 subjects randomized to receive treatment: (A-B) = Single 17.1 mg oral inhaled dose of ALZT-OP1a (cromolyn) via dry powder inhaler and a single oral 10 mg tablet of ALZT-OP1b (ibuprofen) on Day 1. On Day 2, subjects would receive two 17.1 mg doses of ALZT-OP1a via dry powder inhaler and two 10 mg tablets of ALZT-OP1b (ibuprofen), within two minutes of each other. (B-A) = Two 17.1 mg doses of ALZT-OP1a (cromolyn) and two doses of 10 mg ALZT-OP1b (ibuprofen) on Day 1 and single 17.1 mg dose of ALZT-OP1a cromolyn 17.1 mg and a single 10 mg dose of ALZT-OP1b (ibuprofen) on Day 2. All subjects will have plasma and CSF collected for PK analysis.	Drug: ALZT-OP1 (cromolyn and ibuprofen) ALZT-OP1a (cromolyn) and ALZT-OP1b (ibuprofen); Drug : ALZT-OP1a; Mast cell stabilizer; Neuroinflammatory microglial modulator ALZT-OP1b anti-inflammatory Device: Dry Powder Inhaler The inhaler will be used to deliver ALZT-OP1a via oral inhalation for dosing on study.; Other Names: Ibuprofen; Cromolyn, Intal, Cromolyn Sodium, Sodium cromoglycate
Other: Part B; PD - 32 subjects (AD only) will be enrolled in the PD portion of the study. Twenty-four (24) subjects will be assigned to Treatment Group 1 to receive a single (17.1 mg) inhaled dose of ALZT-OP1a (cromolyn) plus a single (10 mg) oral dose of ALZT-OP1b (ibuprofen) daily for 60 days. All subjects will have plasma and CSF collected for PD biomarker analysis. Eight (8) A subjects will be assigned to Treatment Group 2 (Control Group) and will not be administered study drug.	Drug: ALZT-OP1 (cromolyn and ibuprofen) ALZT-OP1a (cromolyn) and ALZT-OP1b (ibuprofen); Drug : ALZT-OP1a; Mast cell stabilizer; Neuroinflammatory microglial modulator ALZT-OP1b anti-inflammatory Device: Dry Powder Inhaler The inhaler will be used to deliver ALZT-OP1a via oral inhalation for dosing on study.; Other Names: Ibuprofen; Cromolyn, Intal, Cromolyn Sodium, Sodium cromoglycate

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Part A Non-compartmental PK parameters will be calculated and reported for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b	• PK profile for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b in plasma and CSF	• 2 Days
PK profile for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b in plasma and CSF AUC 0-∞	Evaluation AUC 0-∞ (area under the curve from 0 to infinity)	2 Days
PK profile for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b in plasma and CSF AUC 0-t	Evaluation AUC 0-t (area under the curve from 0 to t hours where t is the last measured concentration)	2 Days
PK profile for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b in plasma and CSF AUCPLASMA/AUCCSF	Evaluation AUCPLASMA/AUCCSF (ratio at 60 min, 120 min, 240 min, 360 min and 480 min)	2 Days
PK profile for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b in plasma and CSF CL/F	Evaluation CL/F (apparent total body clearance)	2 Days
PK profile for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b in plasma and CSF Cmax	Evaluation Cmax (maximum plasma and CSF concentration observed)	2 Days
PK profile for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b in plasma and CSF t½ (half-life)	Evaluation t½ (half-life)	2 Days
PK profile for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b in plasma and CSF tmax	Evaluation tmax (sampling time at which Cmax occurred)	2 Days
PK profile for ALZT-OP1a and ALZT-OP1b in plasma and CSF Vd/F	Evaluation Vd/F (apparent volume of distribution)	2 Days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Biomarker Beta Amyloid (Αβ-42) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Beta Amyloid (Αβ-42)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Beta Amyloid (Αβ-40) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Beta Amyloid (Αβ-40)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Beta Amyloid (Αβ-38) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Beta Amyloid (Αβ-38)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Total Tau Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Total Tau	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Neurofilament light (Nf-L) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Neurofilament light (Nf-L)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker P-Tau (Thr 231) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation P-Tau (Thr 231)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker CD33 Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation CD33	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 (TREM2) Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 (TREM2)	Day 1 to Day 60
Biomarker Neurogranin Sample Analysis plasma and CSF Day 1 to 60 Days	Evaluation Neurogranin	Day 1 to Day 60

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)	Safety will be evaluated based on the number, type, and frequency of treatment emergent adverse events. They will be individually presented for all subjects in data listings, and summarized in tables by treatment group and by treatment assignment. The AEs will be summarized and reported collectively based on information obtained through physical examination, ECG, and laboratory findings captured after dosing was initiated.	2 Days Part A and 60Days Part B

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: AZTherapies, Inc.
• Investigators: Study Chair: David R. Elmaleh, PhD, AZTherapies, Inc.

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Pharmacokinetics of Cromolyn and Ibuprofen in Healthy Elderly Volunteers

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 28, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 18, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): January 18, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 17, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 29, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): September 30, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 3, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 15, 2022
• Last Verified: September 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurocognitive Disorders; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Dementia; Tauopathies; Alzheimer Disease; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Immunologic Factors; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Respiratory System Agents; Mast Cell Stabilizers; Ibuprofen; Cromolyn Sodium
• Other Study ID Numbers: AZT-008

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No