Point of Care Ultrasound Use by General Practitioners in France (Echo-MG) (Echo-MG)

December 30, 2025 updated by: Gladys IBANEZ, Sorbonne University

How Point-of-care Ultrasound Affects the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Process in General Practice. A Prospective Follow-up Study in France

This study explores how Point of Care Ultrasound (POC-US) is used in general practice in France and how it affects the diagnostic process and treatment of patients.

General practitioners (GPs) will register information each time they use POC-US during a one month period.

The aim of this study is to describe the use of POCUS and its role in the diagnostic and therapeutic process in general medicine.

  • Description of the use of POCUS through indication, organs scanned, findings, frequency , time consumption.
  • Analysis of the role of POCUS in the diagnostic process: change of diagnostic hypotheses and change of certainty in the main diagnostic hypothesis.
  • Analysis of the role of POCUS in the therapeutic process: change in the care pathway and the therapeutic initial plan.

This is an observational study without any intervention.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

There are few studies describing the use of POCUS in general medicine. Most of them are descriptive studies made more than ten years ago while recent technological development has resulted in better quality images. There is no study with high level of evidence, and the majority of the literature is made of descriptive reports based on the activity of a small number of physicians.

Unlike other countries, France has currently no recommendations on the modalities of use for POCUS. There are no guidelines on the GP curriculum nor on the appropriate equipment for general practitioners, nor on the certification process.

In the current state of knowledge, it seems relevant to establish an overview of the practice of POCUS in general medicine in France. This work is part of an international European reflection on the use of POCUS in general practice and its role in the diagnostic process, therapeutic process and the patients' care pathway in Denmark, in Norway and in France.

The current protocol was written in collaboration with the GP Research Unit of Aalborg. The Danish protocol was completed between January 2018 and July 2019 in Denmark, registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT03375333. This part of the protocol constitutes the French study.

The aim of this study is to describe the use of POCUS and its role in the diagnostic and therapeutic process in general medicine.

Description of the use of POCUS through indication, organs scanned, findings, frequency, time consumption.

Analysis of the role of POCUS in the diagnostic process: change of diagnostic hypotheses and change of certainty in the main diagnostic hypothesis.

Analysis of the role of POCUS in the therapeutic process: change in the care pathway and the therapeutic initial plan.

The study is a prospective observational cohort study. It will take place in France among 30 GPs that use POCUS during consults in their office or during home visits.

Any patient having a POCUS scan during a consultation by a participant GP may be included in the study. Patients will be informed and asked to sign a consent form before inclusion in the study. Patients will be informed of the study terms by their GP and through an information note in the waiting room. Patients will be excluded if they refuse to participate in the study or are unable to give informed consent. Refusal to participate in the study will not change patient management.

There will be no intervention in this study. The GPs already use ultrasound during their physical examination. The data recorded for this study will reflect the daily practice of general practitioners using POCUS. There will be no additional exams or other ways to change the patient management. If a second POCUS is performed later for the same patient, this data will not be collected. Only data from the patient's first examination will be collected.

Each investigator will collect data about every POCUS examination performed during the inclusion period of 22 consecutive working days.

The data collection tool is based on the questionnaire originally developed by the Center for General Practice at Aalborg University in Denmark from literature data, a dialogue with the "Ultrasound group of the Danish College of General Medicine" and an interview study. The registration tool was developed as a questionnaire to be used before and after the GP uses POCUS in the consultation. A time log is included to ensure that the questionnaire has been completed before and after the exam.

For this study, the questionnaire will first be translated into French and then back-translated (reverse French-English translation) by two bilingual translators separately. The result of the back-translation will be analyzed and a second French version will be submitted to French general practitioners practicing POCUS and members of the "Ultrasounds group of the College of General Medicine" in France. For each theme of the questionnaire, there will be a common part of questions, to ensure the comparability of the results between the different European countries. An additional set of questions relevant to general practice in France will be discussed and validated by the French College of General Medicine. The acceptability and validity of the questionnaire will be tested during focus groups and a pilot study.

The GPs will be asked to fill a questionnaire in the online database SurveyXact each time they use POCUS during their daily work. The data will be registered electronically in SurveyXact with a time log to ensure a before and after registration.

The GPs can access the questionnaire on their mobile phone, iPad or computer, using a unique link (respondent link) allocated to each participant. A key file, connecting each GP participant with the respondent link in SurveyXact (link), will be safely stored at Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Denmark.

The GPs will give each patient a unique ID-number. A key file connecting this ID-number and the patient's identity will be safely stored at the GP's clinic.

There will be a registration of the date and time, when the GP starts filling the questionnaire and finishes the final question. Furthermore, a variable with the exact time between "before" and "after" questions will be created. If GPs use less than one minute on this page and the GP registers a duration of the POC-US > 1 minute, there will be no "before and after" registration, but only an "after" registration. In that case, the "before" answers will be excluded.

Participants retention In order to calculate the participant retention rate, defined by the proportion of eligible patients included in the study, GPs will be asked to record age and gender for each patient eligible but not included in the study (time constraints, patient refusal or other reasons).

Data management Data will be saved electronically on the SurveyXact server and on a server at Aalborg University and will only be accessed by the research group using personal passwords. The patient key file and consent forms will be safely stored at the GPs' office and the research group will not have access to this information during the study.

Any paper editions of the registration tool or questionnaire (in case of server breakdown) will be safely stored at the GPs office until the end of the data collection. Afterwards, they will be safely stored at the General Practice Department of Sorbonne University, 27 rue de Chaligny, PARIS 75012, FRANCE.

The use of ultrasound will be described in terms of ultrasound indications, organs explored, findings, frequency of use and duration of the examination.

The indications of POCUS will be described through the GP's intention regarding ultrasound:

  • to answer a specific clinical question (yes / no / maybe) and document the answer in the medical file
  • to conduct therapeutic education
  • to monitor or control an ultrasound finding
  • to screen an asymptomatic patient
  • to scan to improve technical ultrasound skills without any clinical profit
  • to perform a diagnostic scan with a detailed description of anatomical regions and provide a complete diagnostic report.

The frequency of the different POCUS examinations will be summarized in relation to the organs scanned. The performed POCUS examinations are defined as organs scanned and not as standardized procedures such as FAST, FATE or LUS since there might be differences in the definition and interpretation of these examinations. The organs scanned are registered on a list of organs in the questionnaire. The possibilities in this list originate from interviews with GPs using POCUS and from Danish pilot testing. This list will be discussed during a focus group of French GPs using POCUS. The GPs will be allowed to write in free text if organs are missing from the list.

The frequency of POCUS use will be described as the number of GP consultations where POCUS is used over the total number of GP consultations per day during 22 consecutive working days.

Each participant will provide information on the total number of face-to-face consultations she or he has had during the study period. If the GP uses a portable or ultraportable ultrasound device during home visits, they will be included in the total number of consultations.

The GPs will measure the time used for the POCUS examination. The time registration starts when the scanning begins and ends when the scanning has been finished. Hence, it will only include the duration of the POC-US examination, not information about the scanning or other elements of the consultation. This time registration will be described in minutes for each type of POC-US examination.

The study will describe the main diagnostic hypothesis recorded before and after POCUS, the total number of diagnostic hypotheses recorded before and after POCUS, the change in the total number of diagnoses hypotheses, the change in the GP's confidence in the diagnostic hypotheses (5-point Likert scale). To test the reliability of the GP confidence in the diagnoses, we will describe the correlation between the GP's confidence and the type of organ scanned, the change from a symptom diagnosis to a disease diagnosis and the decrease in the number of diagnostic hypotheses. A scatter plot will be used to describe the relationship between "confidence in the main diagnostic hypothesis" and "the number of diagnostic hypotheses". Frequency of incidental findings will be described separately related to the organs explored.

After the use of POCUS, the GPs will be shown their "Before-POCUS" diagnostic hypothesis and asked if these diagnoses have changed. If the diagnoses have changed, they will be asked to specify them.

The diagnostic hypotheses are registered as detailed free text in the questionnaire. The corresponding ICPC-2 (International Classification of Primary Care-2) codes will be coded from the free text by the research team.

The observed change in the diagnostic hypotheses will be described by the frequency of declared diagnostic hypotheses changes and the overall registered change in the ICPC-2 codes.

The patient's plan before and after POCUS and the planned treatment before and after POCUS will be described. The analysis will describe the relationship between the ultrasound findings and the change in the patient management (diagnostic process, treatment, care pathway). The diagnostic and therapeutic modifications will be described by the frequency of responses or by the change in the total number of responses.

The statistical analysis will be descriptive. Data collection will mainly be done using nominal variables. However, the variable "GP's confidence in the diagnostic hypotheses" will be measured by an ordinal variable, "the duration of the examination" and "the patient's age" by a continuous variable.

If the continuous variables follow the normal distribution, they will be described with means and either a standard deviation or a 95% confidence interval of the mean. If they are not normally distributed, they will be described with a median and interquartile range.

To assess the relationship between paired variables the Mac Nemar test will be used. To compare the characteristics of included and excluded patients, a Chi-2 test will be used. Results will be considered statistically significant if the p-value is less than 0.05. For highly significant results with p-values much lower than 0.05, we will simply report p < 0.01.

After using POC-US the GP is shown the "before POC-US plan for the patient" and asked if this plan has changed. If the plan has changed, the GP is asked to specify.

Change in the plan for the patient is defined as the frequency of declared change after registration from one possible answer to another or change in the total number of possible answers.

After using POCUS, the GP is shown the "before POC-US planned treatment for the patient" and asked if this planned treatment has changed. If the planned treatment has changed, the GP is asked to specify.

Change in the planned treatment of patients is defined as the frequency of declared change described before and after registration from one possible answer to another, or in the total number of possible answers.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

655

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • France
      • Anglet, France, 64600
        • Centre Erdian SOS Médecins
      • Avon, France, 77200
        • Maison de santé
      • Conches-en-Ouche, France, 27190
        • Cabinet Medical
      • La Courneuve, France, 93120
        • CMS Salvador Allende
      • Limay, France, 78520
        • Cabinet Medical
      • Mirabeau, France, 84120
        • Cabinet Medical
      • Paris, France, 75011
        • Cabinet IPSO
      • Paris, France, 75020
        • Cabinet Medical
      • Pont-Croix, France, 29790
        • Maison médicale
      • Saint-Etienne, France, 42000
        • Cabinet Medical
      • Saint-Médard-en-Jalles, France, 33160
        • Cabinet Medical
      • Saint-Nom-la-Bretêche, France, 78860
        • Maison médicale
      • Strasbourg, France, 67100
        • Cabinet Medical
      • Vallet, France, 44330
        • Cabinet médical Le Vallet
      • Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, 54500
        • SOS médecins
      • Égly, France, 91520
        • Maison médicale
    • France
      • Le Pecq, France, France, 78230
        • Cabinet de médecine générale

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

General practitioners practicing POCUS in rural or urban areas, alone or in groups with fixed or portable devices will be eligible.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • minimum use of POCUS on two anatomical areas
  • GP activity for minimum two days / week
  • A minimum of two scanning probes
  • Previous participation in formal education in the use of POC-US
  • Minimum six-month experience with POCUS in general practice.
  • Estimated use of POCUS on a daily basis (average)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Conflict of interest, e.g. if the GP is part of the research group or if the GP has/had direct financial interest in selling ultrasound devices.
  • If less than five patients have been enrolled

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Patient physical examination with ultrasound
No intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Patients With Change in the Diagnosis After POCUS Examination
Time Frame: 20 to 30 minute consultation

GPs will register their diagnoses before and after the use of POCUS and a change in diagnosis will be described

  • one main diagnostic hypothesis
  • other diagnostic hypotheses After the use of POCUS, the GPs are asked if these diagnoses have changed and specify.
20 to 30 minute consultation
Number of Patients With Change in Diagnostic Confidence
Time Frame: 30 minutes
The GPs are asked to register any change in their confidence in the diagnostic hypothesis after the use of POCUS by choosing one of the following variables on an ordinal scale: increased confidence, more confident, unchanged confidence, less confident, reduced confidence
30 minutes
Number of Patients With Change in the Referral Plan
Time Frame: 20 to 30 minute consultation

Before using POC-US:

  • acute admission to hospital
  • subacute referral to hospital
  • normal referral to hospital
  • subacute referral to specialist
  • normal referral to specialist
  • referral for radiology
  • other referral (e.g. to physiotherapist, etc)
  • follow-up in the clinic
  • no plan for follow-up
  • other After using POC-US the GP is shown the "before POC-US plan for the patient" and asked if this plan has changed. If the plan has changed, the GP is asked to specify.
20 to 30 minute consultation
Number of Patients With Change in the Planned Treatment
Time Frame: 20 to 30 minute consultation

The GPs register their planned treatment before POCUS by choosing one or more of the following categorical variables:

  • medical treatment
  • non-medical treatment
  • no treatment
  • other After using POCUS, the GP is shown the "before POC-US planned treatment for the patient" and asked if this planned treatment has changed. If the planned treatment has changed, the GP is asked to specify.
20 to 30 minute consultation

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sorbonne University

Collaborators

Agence Regionale de Sante d'Ile de France
Aalborg University

Investigators

  • Study Director: Mariela Skendi, MD, MSc, General Practice Department Sorbonne University
  • Principal Investigator: Roxane Liard, General Practice Department Sorbonne University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 15, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

July 15, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

July 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 5, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 9, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

October 12, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 30, 2025

Last Verified

December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Echo-MG

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

The data registered are available for the cooperating researchers at the university in Aalborg Denmark. The purpose of further analyses is to compare the external validity of the questionnaire.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

2025

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

The data are only available for collaborating researchers at the Center for General Practice, University of Aalborg, Denmark. The principal investigator will have access to pseudo-anonymized data registered on the online platform.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF
  • ANALYTIC_CODE
  • CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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