Acute Whey Protein And Casein Supplementation: Effect On Protein Metabolism After Resistance Exercise

Association of Whey Protein and Casein in the Same Proportions of Human Breast Milk Promoted Similar Branched-chain Amino Acids Profile and Reduced Delayed Muscle Soreness in Physically Active Man

The proteins of human breast milk are the most important endocrine signaling system that promotes neonatal growth by increasing the release of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the leucine-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1- (mTORC1) signaling of pancreatic β-cells. Remarkably, the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine are involved in the growth-promoting effects of milk, protein biosynthesis, and metabolism because they physiologically stimulate insulin secretion The present study sought to investigate the effects of the combination of whey protein and casein in the ratio of 80:20 ("whey protein: casein" or "casein: whey protein") as breast milk proportion on the peak and the period of the permanence of branched-chain amino acids in the blood circulation, final metabolites of protein metabolism and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after a single bout of fasting or a resistance exercise session.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Protein Supplementation; Sports Nutrition
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Blend Protein Supplementation; Other: Resistance Exercise; Dietary supplement: Placebo Supplementation

Detailed Description

The present study investigated the effects of the association of WP and casein in the ratio of 80:20, a similar ratio of human breast milk, on blood branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) profile by HPLC technique, markers of protein metabolism (creatinine, urea, and urine nitrogen) and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after a single bout of resistance exercise. A double-blind, crossover and acute study was conducted with ten men (age 29 ± 8 y; BMI: 25.4 ± 2.9 Kg/m2; 77 ± 12 kg; 1.74 ± 0.09 m) that were randomly assigned to five supplementation treatments: WP - whey protein; CAS - casein; WP/CAS - 80% WP/20% CAS; CAS/WP - 80% CAS/ 20% WP; PLA - placebo. Participants were submitted to the following evaluations: performance sessions, blood collection for each session for the BCAAs profile determination, two food records, 3-days assessment of DOMS (24h, 48h, 72h) after each treatment.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 10
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Brazil
  • São Paulo
    • Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14049-900
      • University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirão Preto.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 40 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy
• practice resistance training at least 3x a week

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smokers
• Muscle injures
• cardiovascular diseases
• Diabetes mellitus
• Lactose intolerance

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Protein Supplementation and Resistance exercise; Protein supplementation composed of 20 gram of whey protein or casein in different proportions (80:20) and fasting state 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition	Dietary supplement: Blend Protein Supplementation; Protein supplementation using 20 grams of whey protein or casein mix. Acute Resistance training, 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1Maximum repetition; Other Names: Resistance Training; Other: Resistance Exercise; 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Supplementation; Placebo supplementation composed of 20 gram of Maltodextrin and fasting state 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition	Other: Resistance Exercise; 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise; Dietary supplement: Placebo Supplementation; Placebo supplementation using 20 grams of Maltodextrin. Acute Resistance training, 10 sets of 10 reps at 85% of 1Maximum repetition; Other Names: Resistance Training
Experimental: Resistance Training; Resistance Exercise will be performed before supplementation and is composed by 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise.	Other: Resistance Exercise; 10 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 1 Maximum repetition in leg press exercise

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from baseline in plasma amino acids concentration	Blood sample collected for analysis of BCAA concentration after blend protein or placebo supplementation expressed in (µmol/L)	5 weeks
Change from baseline in 1RM test	Change of training load using RPE, time and load expressed in (a.u)	5 weeks
Change in protein metabolism	Change in nitrogen excretion, and nitrogen balance after protein supplementation expressed in (g/24 hours)	5 weeks
Changes from baseline in macronutrient intake	Change of macronutrient intake were calculated pre and post treatment expressed in (g/24 hours)	5 weeks
Change in delayed onset muscle soreness	Change from baseline the delayed onset muscle soreness pre, post, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after treatment expressed in (a.u)	5 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Sao Paulo
• Collaborators: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.; Instituto Colombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (COLCIENCIAS)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Martinez Galan BS, Giolo De Carvalho F, Carvalho SCS, Cunha Brandao CF, Morhy Terrazas SI, Abud GF, Meirelles MSS, Sakagute S, Ueta Ortiz G, Marchini JS, Aristizabal JC, Cristini de Freitas E. Casein and Whey Protein in the Breast Milk Ratio: Could It Promote Protein Metabolism Enhancement in Physically Active Adults? Nutrients. 2021 Jun 23;13(7):2153. doi: 10.3390/nu13072153.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 20, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 20, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): October 20, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 9, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 30, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): December 1, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 2, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 30, 2020
• Last Verified: November 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: Protein Supplementation

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No