Anxiety and Depression Perceived by Individuals With and Without Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period

January 5, 2021 updated by: Elif Yıldırım Ayaz, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

Anxiety and Depression Perceived by Individuals With and Without Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Population-based Comparative Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected individuals not only physiologically but also psychologically. The aim of this study is to examine the anxiety and depression status of cancer patients, individuals with non-cancer chronic diseases and healthy individuals with an online screening questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Our aim is to evaluate and compare the anxiety and depression status of cancer patients, individuals with non-chronic chronic diseases and healthy individuals during the COVID-19 period with an online screening program.

A simple random sampling method performed by a computer was used in selecting the participants from 7,000 people whose information was available in the hospital automation system. The computer program enumerates the items in the sampling frame, determines its own random numbers, and presents the selected items to the researcher in writing or digitally (Newman & Ridenour, 1998).

The sample groups were randomly selected from cancer patients, patients with non-cancer chronic diseases and those without any diseases. The study included individuals who were aged 18 years and above, volunteered to participate in the study and were literate. The diagnoses recorded in the electronic medical records of the patients were examined, and those diagnosed with psychiatric diseases (depression, mania, bipolar disorder, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc.), mental retardation, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease were excluded. In addition, the questionnaire questions include the question of the presence of existing psychiatric and neurological diseases. The patient was excluded from the study also if these diagnoses were reported by the patient. Moreover, the participation of the patient in the study was not allowed in the presence of both cancer and a non-cancer chronic disease. Non-cancer chronic diseases were defined as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, neurological diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), other pulmonary diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and hypothyroidism. Other patients who used chronic medication and/or were followed up for any chronic disease (rheumatic disease, endocrinal disorders, liver disease, kidney diseases) were classified as other chronic diseases. Approval was taken from the University of Health Sciences, XXX Ethics Committee (approval number: 20/133) before the study commenced. The patients were called with phone and confirmed whether they wanted to participate in the study, and their consents were obtained. Individuals who wanted to participate in the study was informed about the purpose of the study, procedure and data privacy, and told that participation was on a voluntary basis, and individuals could leave the research at any time they wanted. Individuals read and signed their consent forms online. The study was conducted in compliance with the "Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects" of the Helsinki Declaration. All data were collected with Survey Monkey (2005 SurveyMonkey.com), which provides electronic self-control, prevents multiple entries from the same person, and makes it easier to collect and track data (last data entry: 07/06/2020). Confidentiality was guaranteed by completely deactivating electronic records and IP address records.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

1107

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Istanbul, Turkey, 34660
        • Sultan Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The sample groups were randomly selected from cancer patients, patients with non-cancer chronic diseases and those without any diseases

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Cancer patients, patients with non-cancer chronic diseases and those without any diseases
  • 18 years or above
  • Literate

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Psychiatric diseases (depression, mania, bipolar disorder, psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, etc.)
  • Mental retardation
  • Dementia
  • Alzheimer's disease were excluded.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Healthy
Have not chronic disease
Diagnostic test: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale
HADS is a self-report questionnaire designed to screen the symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with medical diseases other than psychiatric illnessesHADS is a self-report questionnaire designed to screen the symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with medical diseases other than psychiatric illnesses The 4-point Likert type scale, which consists of 14 items, has 2 subscales. Each of the HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) subscales has 7 items. The score given for each question varies between 0 and 3. A high score indicates a high level of anxiety and depression. The responses given to the questions are given certain scores, and as a result, a score of 0-7 refers to a normal level, 8-10 to a level at the limit and 11 and above to a high level (abnormal level).
Cancer
Have cancer
Diagnostic test: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale
HADS is a self-report questionnaire designed to screen the symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with medical diseases other than psychiatric illnessesHADS is a self-report questionnaire designed to screen the symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with medical diseases other than psychiatric illnesses The 4-point Likert type scale, which consists of 14 items, has 2 subscales. Each of the HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) subscales has 7 items. The score given for each question varies between 0 and 3. A high score indicates a high level of anxiety and depression. The responses given to the questions are given certain scores, and as a result, a score of 0-7 refers to a normal level, 8-10 to a level at the limit and 11 and above to a high level (abnormal level).
Non-Cancer Crhronic Disease
Have non-cancer chronic disease
Diagnostic test: Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale
HADS is a self-report questionnaire designed to screen the symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with medical diseases other than psychiatric illnessesHADS is a self-report questionnaire designed to screen the symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with medical diseases other than psychiatric illnesses The 4-point Likert type scale, which consists of 14 items, has 2 subscales. Each of the HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) subscales has 7 items. The score given for each question varies between 0 and 3. A high score indicates a high level of anxiety and depression. The responses given to the questions are given certain scores, and as a result, a score of 0-7 refers to a normal level, 8-10 to a level at the limit and 11 and above to a high level (abnormal level).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HADS
Time Frame: 14 days
The score of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale
14 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

May 8, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

June 25, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

June 25, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 5, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 5, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

January 6, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 7, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 5, 2021

Last Verified

January 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • COVFAIROFALL

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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