Low Cost Socket for Lower Limb Amputees

Low Cost Prosthetic Socket for Lower Limb Amputees

The purpose of this research is to test an investigational fabrication system for transtibial prostheses. This fabrication method will be tested for comfort and function to determine feasibility of use for amputees in developing countries.

To address the need for high quality and affordable prosthetic technology in developing countries, the investigators have developed a simplified socket fitting protocol using expandable rigid foam. The foam is formed by mixing small amounts of two liquid components, which typically expands to several times its original volume.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Amputation; Amputation, Traumatic; Amputation; Traumatic, Limb
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Low cost lower limb prosthetic socket

Detailed Description

Millions of amputees in low-income nations lack access to prosthetic care. Conventional socket fabrication is complex, and the need for prosthetists is far greater than the throughput of existing clinician training programs. The first step in fitting a prosthetic limb is to fabricate the socket, which fits over the residual limb and acts as the interface between the residual limb and the prosthesis. The socket is the most custom component of the prosthetic system and must be comfortable to wear, easy to clean, and durable enough to withstand years of day-to-day use.

Simple and low-cost methods for socket fabrication and fitting would improve access to prosthetic care and could give many people in need their first opportunity to use a prosthesis. We have developed an easy-to-follow method that allows us to cast the limb in less than 30 minutes and finish the socket in 90 minutes, making it a practical choice for socket fitting in busy clinical settings, and where users are unable to return for multiple fittings. We have submitted a provisional US patent for our socket fabrication method.

We hypothesize that our novel method of fabrication for a low cost prosthesis can produce a device that has appropriate suspension, a comfortable interface, and requires little long term follow-up.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 8
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Shirley Ryan AbilityLab

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 95 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Unilateral transtibial amputees having had their amputation at least 6 months prior, so that they have a relatively stable conical residual limb shape and can ambulate independently
• Currently has a well-fitting prosthesis- as defined by a self-reported Socket Comfort Score of at least a 6 out of 10
• K2, K3, K4 level ambulators
• Understands the English language

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cognitive impairment sufficient to adversely affect understanding of or compliance with study requirements, ability to communicate experiences, or ability to give informed consent: The ability to understand and comply with requirements of the study is essential in order for the study to generate usable, reliable data. The ability to obtain relevant user feedback and informal discussion adds significant value to this study.
• Significant other comorbidity: Any other medical issues or injuries that would preclude completion of the study (e.g stroke, pacemaker placement, etc), or that would otherwise prevent acquisition of usable data by researchers.
• Bulbous residual limb shape causing inability to fit within system restrictions
• Open wounds on the residual limb
• Inability to understand the English language

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Low cost lower limb socket testing; Fabrication and testing of a low cost lower limb prosthetic socket and ensure this socket has appropriate suspension, comfort and f unction for a transtibial amputee.

Device: Low cost lower limb prosthetic socket; A pre-made 3D printed cylinder used as an outer shell is selected for each subject based on their measurements. The space between the residual limb and the outer shell will be filled with an expanding polyurethane foam (Foam IT 8, Smooth On Inc.) that conforms to the residual limb and bonds with the outer shell to form a strong and lightweight socket. The foam forms a smooth surface against the protective sheath; the socket is fully formed once the foam has hardened to the 3D printed cylinder. A prefabricated supracondylar suspension cuff made of Dacron or nylon, or a commercially available suspension sleeve may be will be applied to the prosthetic socket to aid in suspension. Commercially available components, including the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) transtibial polypropylene component system will be attached to the bottom of the socket to allow the patient to ambulate in the prosthesis.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Socket Comfort Score with Experimental Low Cost Socket	The Socket Comfort Score will be used with the experimental low cost socket. This measure allows the subject to subjectively rate how comfortable they perceive their socket on a scale of 1 to 10, and will be administered pre and post physical outcome measures	Day 2
Socket Comfort Score with Clinically Prescribed Socket	The Socket Comfort Score will be used with the subjects clinically prescribed prosthetic system. This measure allows the subject to subjectively rate how comfortable they perceive their socket on a scale of 1 to 10, and will be administered pre and post physical outcome measures	Day 2

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Four Square Step Test	A clinical test of the ability to change directions while stepping.	Day 2
L-Test of Functional Mobility	The L Test is a timed ambulation over 20 meters, which includes two sit to/from stand transfers and three turns.	Day 2
2 Minute Walk Test	Individual walks without assistance for 2 minutes and the distance is measured.	Day 2
Amputee Mobility Predictor	A questionnaire that measures the ambulatory potential of lower limb amputees. It requires the amputee to complete various tasks. Including sitting balance, reaching, transfers, sit to stand, and standing balance,	Day 2

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Shirley Ryan AbilityLab

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 6, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 11, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 15, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 22, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): January 26, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 17, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 13, 2025
• Last Verified: June 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Wounds and Injuries; Amputation, Traumatic
• Other Study ID Numbers: STU00207623

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No