DOTS: Dalbavancin as an Option for Treatment of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia

Dalbavancin as an Option for Treatment of S. Aureus Bacteremia (DOTS): A Phase 2b, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label, Assessor-Blinded Superiority Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Dalbavancin to Standard of Care Antibiotic Therapy for the Completion of Treatment of Patients With Complicated S. Aureus Bacteremia

This is a Phase 2b clinical study, multicenter, randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded, superiority study. The study will compare dalbavancin to standard of care antibiotic therapy for the completion of therapy in patients with complicated bacteremia or right-sided native valve Infective Endocarditis (IE) caused by S. aureus who have cleared their baseline bacteremia. Approximately 200 subjects will be randomized 1:1 to receive either dalbavancin or a standard of care antibiotic regimen that is based upon the identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the baseline organism. Subjects randomized to the dalbavancin treatment group will receive 2 doses of dalbavancin intravenously (IV) 1 week apart (1500 mg on Day 1 and Day 8 after randomization, with renal dose adjustment if appropriate). Subjects randomized to the standard of care antibiotic therapy treatment group will receive an antibiotic regimen considered to be standard of care based on the methicillin susceptibility pattern of the pathogen isolated at baseline for a duration of 4 to 6 weeks and up to 8 weeks for patients with vertebral osteomyelitis/discitis. The primary objective is to compare the Desirability of Outcome Ranking (DOOR) at Day 70 of dalbavancin to that of standard of care antibiotic therapy used to consolidate therapy for the treatment of subjects with complicated S. aureus bacteremia in the intent-to-treat population (ITT).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Staphylococcal Bacteraemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Dalbavancin; Drug: Cefazolin; Drug: Daptomycin; Drug: Nafcillin; Drug: Oxacillin; Drug: Vancomycin

Detailed Description

This is a Phase 2b clinical study, multicenter, randomized, open-label, assessor-blinded, superiority study. The study will compare dalbavancin to standard of care antibiotic therapy for the completion of therapy in patients with complicated bacteremia or right-sided native valve Infective Endocarditis (IE) caused by S. aureus who have cleared their baseline bacteremia. Approximately 200 subjects will be randomized 1:1 to receive either dalbavancin or a standard of care antibiotic regimen that is based upon the identification and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the baseline organism. Subjects randomized to the dalbavancin treatment group will receive 2 doses of dalbavancin intravenously (IV) 1 week apart (1500 mg on Day 1 and Day 8 after randomization, with renal dose adjustment if appropriate). Subjects randomized to the standard of care antibiotic therapy treatment group will receive an antibiotic regimen considered to be standard of care based on the methicillin susceptibility pattern of the pathogen isolated at baseline for a duration of 4 to 6 weeks and up to 8 weeks for patients with vertebral osteomyelitis/discitis. The primary objective is to compare the Desirability of Outcome Ranking (DOOR) at Day 70 of dalbavancin to that of standard of care antibiotic therapy used to consolidate therapy for the treatment of subjects with complicated S. aureus bacteremia in the intent-to-treat population (ITT). The secondary objectives are 1) to compare the clinical outcomes of dalbavancin with the standard of care antibiotic therapy at day 70 in the modified intent-to-treat population (mITT). 2) to compare the safety of dalbavancin with that of the standard of care treatment in the modified intent-to-treat population (mITT). 3) to compare each individual component of the Desirability of Outcome Ranking (DOOR) outcome by treatment arm, in the intent-to-treat population.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 200
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Montreal, Canada
    • McGill University Health Centre
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233
      • University of Alabama Hospital - Infectious Diseases
  • California
    • Sacramento, California, United States, 95817-1460
      • University of California Davis Medical Center - Internal Medicine - Infectious Disease
    • Torrance, California, United States, 90505
      • Torrance Memorial Medical Center
    • Torrance, California, United States, 90502-2006
      • Harbor UCLA Medical Center - Medicine - Infectious Diseases
  • Florida
    • Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32610
      • University of Florida Health - Shands Hospital - Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 22612
      • University of South Florida Health - Internal Medicine
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
      • Rush University Medical Center
  • Louisiana
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70121
      • Ochsner Health - Ochsner Medical Center - Department of Infectious Diseases
  • Michigan
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202-2608
      • Henry Ford Health System - Henry Ford Hospital
    • Royal Oak, Michigan, United States, 48073-6757
      • Corewell Health - Infectious Disease
  • Nebraska
    • Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68198-5400
      • University of Nebraska Medical Center - Infectious Diseases
  • New Jersey
    • Somers Point, New Jersey, United States, 08244
      • South Jersey Infectious Disease
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10065-4870
      • New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical Center - Infectious Diseases
    • Syracuse, New York, United States, 13210
      • SUNY Upstate Medical University - Infectious Disease Division
  • North Carolina
    • Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28209
      • Atrium Health ID Consultants & Infusion Care Specialists
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
      • Duke University Hospital - Infectious Diseases
    • Greenville, North Carolina, United States, 27834-9997
      • East Carolina University - Infectious Diseases and Tropical/Travel Medicine Clinic
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27157
      • Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97239-3098
      • Oregon Health and Science University - Adult Infectious Diseases Clinic
  • Pennsylvania
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
      • University of Pittsburgh - Medicine - Infectious Diseases
  • South Carolina
    • Greenville, South Carolina, United States, 29605
      • Prisma Health - Greenville Health System - Infectious Disease
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030-4000
      • The University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center - Infectious Diseases
  • Virginia
    • Roanoke, Virginia, United States, 24014
      • Carilion Roanoke Memorial Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 99 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Written informed consent obtained from the patient or legally authorized representative before the initiation of any study-specific procedures.
2. Patients > / = to 18 years old.
3. A diagnosis of complicated Staphylococcus aureus (either Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus or Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bloodstream infection.

4. Treated with effective antibiotic therapy for at least 72 hours (maximum 10 days).*

   *Ten consecutive days prior to randomization is the maximum allowed treatment duration. If a subject has received intermittent or incomplete therapy earlier in the treatment course for this episode of S. aureus bacteremia, then discuss with the protocol PI and DMID Medical Officer prior to enrollment.

5. Subsequent defervescence for at least 24 hours and clearance of bacteremia from the qualifying pathogen (at Screening), with negative blood culture incubated for at least 48 hours.**

   **Two negative blood cultures incubated for 48 hours are preferred. However, if only a single blood culture set is drawn, no growth at 48 hours will be considered adequate to demonstrate clearance. If more than one culture set is drawn, all must show no growth at 48 hours to be considered evidence of clearance (e.g., 1 of 2 positive cultures would still be considered as ongoing bacteremia).

6. Provider willing to treat with either dalbavancin for two doses, or standard of care intravenous monotherapy for at least 4 and no more than 8 weeks from randomization.
7. Patients must be willing and able, if discharged, to return to the hospital or designated clinic for scheduled treatment, laboratory tests, or other procedures as required by the protocol.
8. According to the site Principal Investigator or sub-investigator assessment, patients must be expected to survive with appropriate antibiotic therapy and appropriate supportive care throughout the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Uncomplicated bacteremia.*

   *Uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is defined as all of the following: exclusion of endocarditis by echocardiography; catheter-associated bacteremia and removal of catheter; no implanted prostheses; follow-up blood cultures drawn within 48 hours after initial set that do not grow screening pathogen and all follow-up blood cultures thereafter do not grow the screening pathogen; defervescence within 72 hours of initiating effective therapy; and no evidence of metastatic sites of infection.

2. Infectious Central Nervous System events, including septic emboli, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, epidural abscess, or meningitis (prior/unrelated Central Nervous System events are not exclusion criteria).
3. Known or suspected left-sided endocarditis or presence of a perivalvular abscess.
4. Planned right-sided valve replacement surgery in the first 3 days following randomization.

5. Presence of prosthetic heart valve, cardiac device** UNLESS removal is planned within 4 days post-randomization.

   **Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), permanent pacemaker, valve support ring, ventricular assist device (VAD).

6. Presence of intravascular graft or intravascular material*** UNLESS removal is planned within 4 days post-randomization

   ***Excluding cardiac stents, inferior vena cava filters in place for >6 weeks, vascular stents in place for >6 weeks, non-hemodialysis grafts in place >90 days, and hemodialysis grafts not used within the past 12 months and not previously infected. A fistula constructed from native veins or a biologic vascular graft (without synthetic graft material) does not count as intravascular graft/material.

7. Infected prosthetic joint or extravascular hardware UNLESS removal is planned within 4 days post-randomization OR hardware was placed >60 days before bacteremia and clinically appears uninfected.

8. Polymicrobial bacteremia unless the non-Staphylococcus aureus organism is a contaminant.****

   ****Note: If a gram-negative bacteremia or fungemia develops after the qualifying S. aureus blood culture, AND the patient does not have right-sided endocarditis, AND the infection can be treated with an antibiotic without efficacy against the patient's S. aureus isolate (e.g. aztreonam), then the patient may remain eligible. Discussion with the DMID Medical Officer is strongly encouraged.

9. Significant hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh class C or aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values >5x Upper Limit Normal at the time of randomization).

10. Immunosuppression*****

    *****On chemotherapy or immunotherapy for active hematologic malignancy expected to cause > 7 days of absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 100 cells/mm3, recent bone marrow transplant (in the past 90 days), solid organ transplantation within prior 3 months or receipt of augmented immunosuppression for rejection within 3 months, chronic granulomatous disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell count < 50 cells/mm3 based on last known measurement or patient-reported value.

11. History of hypersensitivity reaction to dalbavancin or other drugs of the glycopeptide class of antibiotics.
12. Treatment with either dalbavancin or oritavancin in the 60 days prior to enrollment.
13. Infection with Staphylococcus aureus not susceptible to dalbavancin (dalbavancin mean inhibitory concentration Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) > 0.25 µg/mL) or vancomycin (vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) > 2 µg/mL).
14. Planned treatment with concomitant systemic antibacterial therapy with potential efficacy against the patient's qualifying Staphylococcus aureus isolate, other than that allowed in the protocol.
15. Pregnant/ nursing females.

16. Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test****** within 48h of randomization and use effective contraception for trial duration.

    ******If the serum pregnancy test results cannot be obtained before randomization, a urine pregnancy test may be used for enrollment.

17. Other medical or psychiatric condition that may, in the judgment of the investigator, increase the risk of study participation or interfere with interpretation of study results.
18. Unwilling or unable to follow study procedures.
19. Treatment with an investigational drug within 30 days preceding the first dose of study medication.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm 1 (Dalbavancin); Dalbavancin 1500 mg will be administrated intravenously (IV) over 30 (-/+10) minutes on Day 1 and 1500 mg IV over 30 (-/+10) minutes on Day 8, renally dose-adjusted to 1125 mg for subjects with Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) <30 and not on dialysis. N=100	Drug: Dalbavancin; A second-generation lipoglycopeptide antibiotic synthesized from a fermentation product of Nonomuraea species
Active Comparator: Arm 2 (Standard of Care); For Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA): nafcillin (2 g will be administrated intravenously (IV) every 4 hours for 4-6 weeks) OR oxacillin (2 g will be administrated intravenously (IV) every 4 hours for 4-6 weeks OR cefazolin (2 g will be administrated intravenously (IV) every 8 hours for 4-6 weeks) For Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): vancomycin (dose per local standard of care × 4-6 weeks) OR daptomycin (6-10 mg/kg will be administrated intravenously (IV) daily for 4-6 weeks). N=100	Drug: Cefazolin; Cefazolin is a semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cefazolin (2 g will be administrated intravenously (IV) every 8 hours for 4-6 weeks); Drug: Daptomycin; Daptomycin (USA) or Cubicin (Spain) is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic that inhibits gram-positive bacteria. Daptomycin (6-10 mg/kg will be administrated intravenously (IV) daily for 4-6 weeks; Drug: Nafcillin; Nafcillin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. Nafcillin (2 g will be administrated intravenously (IV) every 4 hours for 4-6 weeks); Drug: Oxacillin; Oxacillin is an antibiotic used in resistant staphylococci infections. Oxacillin (2 g will be administrated intravenously (IV) every 4 hours for 4-6 weeks; Drug: Vancomycin; Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic product of the organism Amycolatopsis orientalis. Vancomycin (dose per local standard of care × 4-6 weeks)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Desirability of Outcome Ranking (DOOR)	DOOR is a composite endpoint assessed by: (1) Clinical Failure: Lack of resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of S. aureus bacteremia such that no additional antibiotic therapy is required or anticipated for its treatment; (2) Infectious Complications such as: Endocarditis, New evidence of metastatic foci of infection, relapse - isolation of baseline S. aureus pathogen from a blood culture drawn after randomization, readmission for subsequent care of indication under study, need for additional unplanned source control procedures, or change in antibiotic therapy due to inadequate clinical response; (3) Serious Adverse Events (SAEs); (4) Adverse Events (AEs) Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation; and (5) Death. Clinical failure and infectious complications were assessed by a blinded adjudication committee. Participants missing clinical failure were treated as having clinical failure for calculation of DOOR.	Day 70

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Frequency of Clinical Efficacy	Number of participants that had clinical efficacy at Day 70. Clinical efficacy is defined as none of: (1) Clinical Failure: Lack of resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of S. aureus bacteremia such that no additional antibiotic therapy is required or anticipated for its treatment; (2) Infectious Complications such as: Endocarditis, New evidence of metastatic foci of infection, relapse - isolation of baseline S. aureus pathogen from a blood culture drawn after randomization, readmission for subsequent care of indication under study, need for additional unplanned source control procedures, or change in antibiotic therapy due to inadequate clinical response; and (3) Death. Clinical failure and infectious complications are assessed by a blinded adjudication committee. Participants missing clinical failure are treated as not having clinical efficacy.	Day 70
Frequency of SAEs	Number of participants that experience any SAEs from Day 1 to study completion (Day 70 or Day 180 for participants in the osteomyelitis subset). An AE is considered serious if, in the view of either the site principal investigator or sponsor, it results in: death, a life-threatening AE, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect.	Day 1 through Day 180
Frequency of AEs Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation	Number of participants that experience any AEs leading to study drug discontinuation from Day 1 to study completion (Day 70 or Day 180 for participants in the osteomyelitis subset).	Day 1 through Day 180
Frequency of Clinical Failure (A Component of DOOR)	Number of participants who had clinical failure at Day 70, used for DOOR at Day 70. Clinical Failure is defined as lack of resolution of clinical signs and symptoms of S. aureus bacteremia such that no additional antibiotic therapy is required or anticipated for its treatment. Clinical failure is assessed by a blinded adjudication committee. Participants missing clinical failure are treated as having clinical failure.	Day 70
Frequency of Infectious Complications (A Component of DOOR)	Number of participants that experience any infectious complications from Day 1 through Day 70, used for DOOR at Day 70. Infectious complications include endocarditis, new evidence of metastatic foci of infection, relapse - isolation of baseline S. aureus pathogen from a blood culture drawn after randomization, readmission for subsequent care of indication under study, need for additional unplanned source control procedures, or change in antibiotic therapy due to inadequate clinical response. Infectious complications are assessed by a blinded adjudication committee.	Day 1 through Day 70
Frequency of SAEs (A Component of DOOR)	Number of participants that experience any SAEs from Day 1 to Day 70, used for DOOR at Day 70. An AE is considered serious if, in the view of either the site principal investigator or sponsor, it results in: death, a life-threatening AE, inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, a persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, or a congenital anomaly/birth defect.	Day 1 through Day 70
Frequency of AEs Leading to Study Drug Discontinuation (A Component of DOOR)	Number of participants that experience any AEs leading to study drug discontinuation from Day 1 to Day 70, used for DOOR at Day 70.	Day 1 through Day 70
Frequency of All-Cause Mortality (A Component of DOOR)	Number of participants who passed away from Day 1 to Day 70, used for DOOR at Day 70.	Day 1 through Day 70

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Turner NA, Zaharoff S, King H, Evans S, Hamasaki T, Lodise T, Ghazaryan V, Beresnev T, Riccobene T, Patel R, Doernberg SB, Rappo U, Fowler VG Jr, Holland TL; Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG). Dalbavancin as an option for treatment of S. aureus bacteremia (DOTS): study protocol for a phase 2b, multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial. Trials. 2022 May 16;23(1):407. doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06370-1.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 22, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 6, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 25, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 25, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): March 1, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): December 10, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 14, 2024
• Last Verified: February 10, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Safety; Efficacy; Bacteremia; Staphylococcus aureus; Dalbavancin; DOTS
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Infections; Sepsis; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Inflammation; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Infections and Mycoses; Bacteremia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Vancomycin; Daptomycin; Cefazolin; Dalbavancin; Oxacillin; Nafcillin
• Other Study ID Numbers: 20-0002; 5UM1AI104681-12 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No