Effects of Proportioning Meat and Plant-based Protein-rich Foods on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors (S58)

Effects of Proportioning Meat and Plant-based Protein-rich Foods Within the U.S. Healthy Eating Pattern on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors (S58)

This project will assess the effects of consuming different proportions of red meat (RM) and plant-based, protein-rich foods (nuts, seeds, and soy products - NSS) incorporated into a U.S. Healthy Eating Pattern (HEP) on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults at high risk of developing a heart-related disease.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Risk Factor; Healthy Diet
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: High RM, low NSS; Other: Moderate RM, Moderate NSS; Other: Low RM, High NSS

Detailed Description

Using a randomized, cross-over (balanced incomplete block) experimental design, Forty-eight middle-aged adults who are overweight and have high blood total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations will be recruited. Participants will consume a HEP - all foods provided - during 5-week controlled feeding periods. The three HEP interventions will be: high RM, low NSS; moderate RM, moderate NSS; and low RM, high NSS. Each participant will complete two of the three controlled feeding periods, separated by four weeks when participants will consume their usual unrestricted diet (washout). The HEP consumed during the controlled feeding periods will be the same except for the amounts of RM (1, 5, or 9, 3-oz servings/wk) and NSS (high, moderate, and low, with amounts adjusted to isocalorically offset changes in RM energy intakes). Poultry, egg, and legume intakes will be the same among the three HEP. The investigators will measure clinically important cardiovascular disease risk factors before (usual unrestricted diet) and during the last week of each HEP intervention. The cardiovascular disease risk factors will include, but are not limited to, comprehensive lipid and lipoprotein profile (changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; primary outcome), lipoprotein fractionation and particle numbers, and blood pressure. The investigators will compare improvements in heart disease risk factors and consumer satisfaction among the three HEP.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 44
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jan Green; Phone Number: 765-496-6342; Email: jkgreen@purdue.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • Indiana
    • West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, 47907
      • Purdue University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 30 years to 69 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female;
• Age 30-69 y;
• BMI: 25.0-37 kg/m2;
• Have hypercholesterolemia (total and LDL cholesterol 200-259 and 130-189 mg/dL, respectively),
• Systolic/diastolic blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg;
• Triglycerides <399 mg/dL, fasting glucose <109 mg/dL
• Body weight stable for 3 months prior (±3 kg);
• Stable physical activity regimen 3 months prior;
• Medication use stable for 6 months prior;
• Non-smoking;
• Non-diabetic;
• Not acutely ill;
• Females not pregnant or lactating;
• Participants must be willing and able to consume the prescribed diets and travel to testing facilities.

Exclusion Criteria:

• BMI <25 or >37
• Total cholesterol >259 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >189 mg/dL,
• Triglycerides >400 mg/dL, fasting glucose >110 mg/dL
• Body weight changes in previous 3 months (±3 kg)
• Changes in physical activity regimen in the previous 3 months
• Medication changes in the previous 6 months
• Smoking
• Diabetic
• Acute illness
• Pregnant or lactating

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Screening
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: High RM, low NSS; Participants in this group will consume nine 3-oz-eq servings of RM per week and 2-oz-eq servings of NSS per week.	Other: High RM, low NSS; Participants in this group will consume nine 3-oz-eq servings of RM per week and 2-oz-eq servings of NSS per week.
Active Comparator: Moderate RM, moderate NSS; Participants in this group will consume five 3-oz-eq servings of RM per week and 5-oz-eq servings of NSS per week.	Other: Moderate RM, Moderate NSS; Participants in this group will consume five 3-oz-eq servings of RM per week and 5-oz-eq servings of NSS per week.
Active Comparator: Low RM, high NSS; Participants in this group will consume one 3-oz-eq serving of RM per week and 8-oz-eq servings of NSS per week.	Other: Low RM, High NSS; Participants in this group will consume one 3-oz-eq serving of RM per week and 8-oz-eq servings of NSS per week.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease	Lipoprotein Particle Plus (LPP+) Panel. This comprehensive lipid panel will provide us with lipoprotein fractionation and particle number (VLDL, non-HDL, remnant lipoprotein, small/dense LDL III and IV, total measured HDL and LDL, and large buoyant HDL 2b), homocysteine, insulin, apolipoprotein A1, total apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein a, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and a traditional lipid panel (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, calculated LDL cholesterol, triglycerides)	5 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in consumer perception and satisfaction of the HEPs	Consumer satisfaction and acceptance questionnaire. At the end of each dietary intervention, we will assess participants' satisfaction and acceptance of each HEP via an exit interview-style questionnaire	5 weeks
Risk factors for cardiometabolic disease	comprehensive metabolic panel which will include glucose, blood urea nitrogen (as a crude marker of protein intake), and markers of kidney and liver functions. Additionally, predictions of long-term cardiovascular disease risk and vascular age will be calculated using the Framingham Heart Study 10-year cardiovascular disease risk lipid equation.	5 weeks
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease	Change in diastolic and systolic blood pressure	5 weeks
Body weight	Measures of weight in kilograms (kg)	Measures will be taken twice per week throughout the entire enrollment period (15 weeks)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Purdue University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Wayne Campbell, PhD, Purdue University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 20, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): November 20, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 24, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 26, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): March 29, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 14, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 12, 2024
• Last Verified: February 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Healthy eating pattern
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB-2020-587

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No