Postural Control Among Children with and Without Dyslexia

The Influence of Visual Information on Postural Control Among Children with and Without Dyslexia

As Chinese-speaking children with dyslexia typically have different cerebellar sign behavior from non-Chinese-speaking counterparts, this study compared the effect of visual occlusion on the static balance between dyslexic and non-dyslexic children using the Chinese language.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Child Development Disorder
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Eye-opened and Eye-closed

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 80

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Tainan, Taiwan
    • National Chen Kong University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 8 years to 13 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The participants will be 80 Chinese-speaking children between 8 and 12 years of age recruited from elementary schools in Taiwan. Half of the participants will be formally identified as dyslexia by specialists in the field of special education (Table 1), based on formal psycho-educational assessments (Chinese Character Recognition Test (Huang, 2001), Chinese reading diagnostic evaluation, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th Edition-Chinese version.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1.Normal IQ(>85, WISC-III)
• 2.Children with dyslexia assessed by standard tools, performed by psychological-teachers of special education

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)
• 2.Neurological or psychiatric abnormalities
• 3.Developmental coordination disorder(DCD)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Retrospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Children with dyslexia	Behavioral: Eye-opened and Eye-closed; The participants were instructed to perform six 60-second trials (2 conditions × 3 trials) of maintaining an upright stance on a force plate (Kistler Type 9260A, Switzerland) under the eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. The order of EO and EC was alternated for each participant, and half of the subjects began with the EO (or EC) condition. For both conditions, the participants stood with their feet 1 cm apart on a force plate and their arms relaxed comfortably at their sides.
Non-dyslexic children	Behavioral: Eye-opened and Eye-closed; The participants were instructed to perform six 60-second trials (2 conditions × 3 trials) of maintaining an upright stance on a force plate (Kistler Type 9260A, Switzerland) under the eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) conditions. The order of EO and EC was alternated for each participant, and half of the subjects began with the EO (or EC) condition. For both conditions, the participants stood with their feet 1 cm apart on a force plate and their arms relaxed comfortably at their sides.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postural sway analysis	Root mean squared sway amplitude and sample entropy along the AP and ML axes	through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Stabilogram diffusion analysis of central of pressure	Trajectories of central of pressure will be analyzed with stabilogram diffusion analysis to reveal behavior mechanisms for practice-related variations in feedback and feedforward process for error corrections	through study completion, an average of 1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cheng-Kung University Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 26, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 31, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): July 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 28, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 28, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): October 11, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 19, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 12, 2024
• Last Verified: September 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: visual perception; child with dyslexia, postural sway
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Language Disorders; Communication Disorders; Learning Disabilities; Specific Learning Disorder; Dyslexia; Developmental Disabilities
• Other Study ID Numbers: A-BR-109-041

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No