Does NIV-NAVA Improve Diaphragmatic Function in Preterm Infants

Does Non-Invasive Ventilation Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NIV-NAVA) Improve Diaphragmatic Function in Preterm Infants?

Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) provides un-synchronized positive pressure and considered to be superior to nCPAP in preventing extubation failure. Recently, Non-Invasive Ventilation Neurally-Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NIV-NAVA) was introduced to NICU. NAVA is a ventilation mode that uses the electrical activity of the patient's diaphragm (Edi-signal) to guide both timing and magnitude of the support. However, it is unknown whether NIV-NAVA is superior to NIPPV in preventing extubation failure and preventing BPD.

Hence, the investigators aim to compare the effect of NIPPV and NIV-NAVA on diaphragm function in premature infants with RDS or evolving BPD. Our hypothesis is that infants treated with NIV-NAVA will have improved diaphragmatic function and lung scoring.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Respiratory Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Chest ultrasound

Detailed Description

STUDY POPULATION Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome who are admitted to Mount Sinai NICU and are supported with NIPPV or NIV-NAVA.

Inclusion criteria

1. Infants that were born at 22 0/7 to 29 6/7 weeks gestation and admitted to the NICU at Mount Sinai Health System.
2. Infants that are on NIPPV or NIV-NAVA respiratory support for at least 24 hours at the time of enrolment.

Exclusion criteria

1. Infants with congenital anomalies.
2. Infants with known genetic disorder.
3. Infants with known lung malformation or diaphragm dysfunction.
4. Infants of whom parents declined consent.

Study Design and settings:

This is a prospective cohort study that includes premature infants born at 22 0/7 to 29 6/7 weeks GA in Mount Sinai Hospital and admitted to the NICU. Written consent will be obtained from parents or guardians prior to enrolment in the study. Enrolment of eligible infants will start after obtaining approval from Mount Sinai Research Ethics Board and parent's consent. Recruitment will be done over one year, and the investigators are expecting to recruit about 30 infants in the NIPPV group and similar number in the NIV-NAVA group.

Time of assessment; Eligible infants will be identified by a member of the infant's circle of care. Parents of infants who are eligible for the study will be approached for consent. Chest ultrasound (lung ultrasound and diaphragmatic function assessment) will be performed at > 7 days postnatally, provided that the infant is supported by either NIPPV or NIV-NAVA for at least 24 hours. CUS will be done prior to feeding to avoid any concerns of a full stomach on diaphragmatic assessment.

Study procedure: Functional assessment of the diaphragm combined with lung ultrasound examination will be done by one of the investigators.

Lung ultrasound assessment technique; Lung ultrasounds will be performed in a standardized manner. A longitudinal scan of the anterior and lateral chest walls will be performed. Three chest areas for each side (upper anterior, lower anterior, and lateral) will be assessed. Each area will have a score of 0 to 3 points with a total score between 0 to 18, which inversely correlates with lung aeration.

Diaphragmatic assessment technique; Diaphragm assessment will be performed in the supine position. To measure diaphragmatic excursion, the curvilinear probe will be placed on the lower intercostal spaces between the mid-clavicular and anterior axillary lines on the right side and between the anterior and mid-axillary lines for the left side. Using the B mode, the proper exploration line of the diaphragm will be detected by directing the beam perpendicular to the posterior third of the right hemidiaphragm. By M mode, the cyclic caudal diaphragmatic displacement with respiration will be measured as the perpendicular distance between the most caudal point of the liver or spleen at the end of expiration and the end of inspiration. The average of three respiratory cycles will be taken.

The assessment of the diaphragmatic efficiency as a pressure generator will be evaluated using the diaphragmatic thickness fraction. Diaphragmatic thickness will be measured at the apposition zone which can be obtained by placing the linear transducer above the 10th rib in the mid-axillary or anterior axillary lines in the right intercostal spaces. By B mode, three distinct layers will be seen, the diaphragm as a hypo-echoic area bordered by two clear echogenic lines of the pleural membrane (upper line) and the peritoneal membrane (lower line). Using M-mode tracing, inspiratory diaphragmatic thickness will be measured as the maximum perpendicular distance between pleural and peritoneal layers and by the same way expiratory diaphragmatic thickness will be recorded. diaphragmatic thickness fraction will be calculated using the following formula:

diaphragmatic thickness fraction = [(inspiratory thickness - expiratory thickness)/expiratory thickness] x 100.

The average of the calculated diaphragmatic thickness fraction from three respiratory cycles will be estimated. The higher scores the better the diaphragmatic function. All Chest ultrasound assessments will be undertaken using a standard aseptic technique.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 60

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G1X5
      • Mount Sinai Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 2 weeks to 4 weeks (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Infants that were born between 22 0/7 to 29 6/7 weeks gestation and were admitted to the NICU at Mount Sinai Health System will be eligible for the study. Infants will be enrolled after obtaining parents' consent and Research Ethics Board approval

Description

Inclusion criteria

1. Infants that were born at 22 0/7 to 29 6/7 weeks gestation and admitted to the NICU at Mount Sinai Health System.
2. Infants that are on NIPPV or NIV-NAVA respiratory support for at least 24 hours at the time of enrolment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Infants with congenital anomalies.
2. Infants with known genetic disorder.
3. Infants with known lung malformation or diaphragm dysfunction.
4. Infants of whom parents declined consent.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
NIV-NAVA group; Premature infants (22 0/7 to 29 6/7 weeks gestation) with respiratory distress syndrome who are admitted to Mount Sinai NICU and are supported by NIV-NAVA for at least 24 hours are enrolled in this arm after obtaining parents' consent.	Other: Chest ultrasound; Chest ultrasound will be performed to eligiable (consented) patient after being on the respiratory support (NIV-NAVA vs NIPPV) for at least 24 hours. Both diaphragmatic function and lung ultrasound score will performed. Investigator interpreting the scans will be blind to patients type of respiratory support or clinical status.
NIPPV group; Premature infants (22 0/7 to 29 6/7 weeks gestation) with respiratory distress syndrome who are admitted to Mount Sinai NICU and are supported by NIPPV for at least 24 hours are enrolled in this arm after obtaining parents' consent.	Other: Chest ultrasound; Chest ultrasound will be performed to eligiable (consented) patient after being on the respiratory support (NIV-NAVA vs NIPPV) for at least 24 hours. Both diaphragmatic function and lung ultrasound score will performed. Investigator interpreting the scans will be blind to patients type of respiratory support or clinical status.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation of the diaphragmatic Thickness (in millimetre) in neonates on each arm (NIV-NAVA and NIPPV)	Chest ultrasound will be performed to eligible (consented) patient after being on the respiratory support (NIV-NAVA vs NIPPV) for at least 24 hours. diaphragmatic Thickness (in millimetre) will be measured. Investigator interpreting the scans will be blind to patients type of respiratory support or clinical status.	1 YEAR
Evaluation of the diaphragmatic excursion (in millimetre) in neonates on each arm (NIV-NAVA and NIPPV)	Chest ultrasound will be performed to eligible (consented) patient after being on the respiratory support (NIV-NAVA vs NIPPV) for at least 24 hours. diaphragmatic Excursion (in millimetre) will be measured. Investigator interpreting the scans will be blind to patients type of respiratory support or clinical status.	1 YEAR

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Lung ultrasound score for infants in NIV-NAVA group vs NIPPV group	Chest ultrasound will be performed to eligible (consented) patient after being on the respiratory support (NIV-NAVA vs NIPPV) for at least 24 hours. Lung ultrasound score will performed. Lung ultrasound score range from 0 to 18 points. while 0 points (good score) means normal lung, 18 points (bad score) mean severely affected lung. Investigator interpreting the scans will be blind to patients type of respiratory support or clinical status.	1 YEAR

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Adel Mohamed, MD, Mount Sinai Hospital- Toronto, ON, Canada

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 30, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): October 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 30, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 12, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): October 15, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 16, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2023
• Last Verified: March 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Ultrasound; preterm; ventilation; non-invasive; Lung; neonates; Diaphragm; NIPPV; NIV-NAVA
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: 19-0324-E

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No