The Effect of the Emotional Freedom Technique on Students

The Effect of the Emotional Freedom Technique on Students' Anxiety and Coping Styles With Stress During the COVİD-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The interruption of education within the scope of quarantine and isolation methods during the pandemic process has caused nursing students studying in clinical practice areas to be away from the clinic for a long time. This situation not only affected the anxiety levels of nursing students, but also caused them to feel inadequate and to experience stress.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional freedom technique on nursing students' styles of coping with anxiety and stress.

Method:In this experimentally designed study with pretest-posttest control group, freedom of emotion technique will be applied to the experimental group for 4 sessions. In the pre-implementation phase and after the emotional freedom technique session, the state anxiety scale, coping styles scale, and subjective discomfort level scale will be applied.

Study Overview

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Conditions: Stress; Anxiety; Coping Skills; Complementary Therapies
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Complementary Therapies

Detailed Description

Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), a type of energy that has been applied recently, is a technique applied by touching meridian points to provide anxiety, depression, burnout, stress management, and desensitization to fear. The basic principle of EFT is to send activation and deactivation signals to the brain by stimulating points on the skin with different electrical properties, usually by touching them. The findings obtained from the studies show that this technique, which is a psychotherapeutic technique and provides cognitive restructuring, has statistically significant improvements at the rate of 98% in the management of psychological problems. Studies show that this approach is positive in coping with stress when considered in a wide range. Church et al. revealed that self-administered EFT provides significant improvements in anxiety, depression, pain and craving scores. A large therapeutic effect for EFT was reported in a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials using the EFT technique for anxiety disorders. In the studies, it was aimed to apply this application, which has proven positive results, to apply the emotional freedom technique in order to reduce the anxiety experienced by the students due to the reasons such as distance education and clinical education during the COVID-19 pandemic process and to enable them to cope with stress.

research questions

This study aims to address the following research questions:

What are the anxiety levels of the students who applied the emotional freedom technique (EFT)? What are the stress coping styles of the students who applied emotional freedom technique (EFT)?

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Zonguldak, Turkey
    • Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion criteria:

• Not receiving any psychiatric diagnosis,
• Not receiving any therapy for coping with anxiety and stress,
• Not applying emotional freedom technique before,
• Not being in the COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment care process, and
• Participating in the study determined to be voluntary.

Exclusion Criteria:

-Not participating in any of the EFT sessions and being diagnosed with COVID-19.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Emotional Freedom Technique group; Personal characteristics questionnaire, State Anxiety Scale (SQS) and Stress Coping Styles Scale (SST) were applied to the intervention group at the pre-test stage. Subjective discomfort level scale (ERDS) was also applied to the intervention group before EFT was applied. After four sessions of EFT, "DKO", "SBO", "ORDS" were applied to the intervention group again in the post-test phase.	Other: Complementary Therapies; The emotional freedom technique was applied to the experimental group.
No Intervention: Control; Participants in the control group received no intervention throughout the study.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)	State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was developed by Spielberger et al. in 1970. It was adapted to Turkish society in 1985 by Öner and Le Compte. The STAI is a scale that separately measures state and trait anxiety levels, with 20 items scored by a Likert scale. The expressions in the scale range from "rarely" to "almost always ."There are two types of expressions in the State-Trait Anxiety scales. Direct expressions express negative feelings, and inverted expressions express positive feelings. Reversed expressions in the state anxiety scale (SAS) are items 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, and 20. Reversed expressions in the trait anxiety scale (TAS) are 21, 26, 27, 30, 33, 36, and 39. The total score obtained from both scales varies between 20 and 80. High scores indicate a severe form of anxiety, whereas low scores indicate a mild form of anxiety	4 months
Ways of Coping with Stress Inventory (WCI)	The ways of coping with stress inventory (Appendix 5) was developed by Şahin and Durak (1995) based on the Ways of Coping Inventory developed by Folkman and Lazarus (1984) in order to measure the level of coping skills with stress. The 30-item scale has five sub-dimensions: Self-Confident, Optimistic, Submissive, Helpless styles, and Seeking Social Support. The averages obtained by dividing the scores obtained by the number of questions give information about the coping strategy levels. For example, a score between 0-3 can be obtained from a sub-dimension. While self-confident, optimistic, and seeking social support are active coping strategies, the self-blaming, and submissive approach is one of the passive coping strategies	4 months
The subjective units of distress scale (SUD)	The cognitive element of EFT involves self-rating of distress severity and pairing of an abbreviated exposure statement and a self-acceptance statement. The severity of distress is evaluated by subjects on an 11- point Likert scale. 0 corresponds to absolutely no distress, while ten corresponds to the maximum possible distress. This situation is considered as the subjective units of distress scale (SUD) and provides clinicians and patients with the measurement of the severity of symptoms experienced by the latter in addition to a repeated measure by which the progress of treatment can be evaluated	4 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University
• Investigators: Study Director: Canan Eraydın, Doctorate, Bulent Ecevit University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 19, 2021
• Study Completion (Anticipated): December 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 29, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 26, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): February 7, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 7, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 26, 2022
• Last Verified: January 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Anxiety Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: ZngldkBEU

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: 12 months
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No