Mismatched Related Donor Versus Matched Unrelated Donor Stem Cell Transplantation for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome

A Multi-Center, Phase 3, Randomized Trial of Matched Unrelated Donor (MUD) Versus HLA-Haploidentical Related (Haplo) Myeloablative Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults (AYA) With Acute Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

This phase III trial compares hematopoietic (stem) cell transplantation (HCT) using mismatched related donors (haploidentical [haplo]) versus matched unrelated donors (MUD) in treating children, adolescents, and young adults with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). HCT is considered standard of care treatment for patients with high-risk acute leukemia and MDS. In HCT, patients are given very high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, which is intended to kill cancer cells that may be resistant to more standard doses of chemotherapy; unfortunately, this also destroys the normal cells in the bone marrow, including stem cells. After the treatment, patients must have a healthy supply of stem cells reintroduced or transplanted. The transplanted cells then reestablish the blood cell production process in the bone marrow. The healthy stem cells may come from the blood or bone marrow of a related or unrelated donor. If patients do not have a matched related donor, doctors do not know what the next best donor choice is. This trial may help researchers understand whether a haplo related donor or a MUD HCT for children with acute leukemia or MDS is better or if there is no difference at all.

Study Overview

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Conditions: Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Myelodysplastic Syndrome; Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Procedure: Biospecimen Collection; Procedure: Lumbar Puncture; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; Drug: Fludarabine; Drug: Methotrexate; Biological: Rituximab; Drug: Melphalan; Radiation: Total-Body Irradiation; Procedure: Multigated Acquisition Scan; Procedure: Bone Marrow Aspiration; Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil; Drug: Tacrolimus; Drug: Busulfan; Procedure: Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation; Biological: Lapine T-Lymphocyte Immune Globulin; Procedure: Myeloablative Conditioning; Drug: Thiotepa; Procedure: Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation; Procedure: T-Cell Depletion Therapy; Procedure: Echocardiography Test

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To compare the 1-year cumulative incidence of severe Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) (from day of HCT) defined as grade III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) and/or chronic GVHD (cGVHD) that requires systemic immunosuppression and to compare the disease free survival (DFS) (from time of randomization) in children and young adults (AYA) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who are randomly assigned to haploHCT or to an 8/8 adult MUD-HCT.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To compare overall survival (OS) between children and AYA with AML/ALL/MPAL/MDS randomly assigned to haploHCT and MUD HCT.

II. To compare differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between haploHCT and MUD HCT from baseline (pre-transplant), at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years post-transplant.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To compare the median time to engraftment and cumulative incidences of neutrophil engraftment at 30 and 100 days post transplant and platelet engraftment at 60 and 100 days post transplant, primary graft failure by 60 days, secondary graft failure at 1 year post transplant, Grade II-IV and III-IV acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) requiring systemic immunosuppression at 100 days and 6 months, and cumulative incidences of transplant-related mortality (TRM), relapse, and moderate and severe chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) at 6 months, 1 and 2 years after haploHCT and MUD HCT.

II. To estimate 1 year, 18-month and 2-year cumulative incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) with events defined as occurrence of any of the following from Day 0 of HCT: Grade III-IV acute GVHD, chronic GVHD requiring systemic immunosuppressive treatment, disease relapse or progression, and death from any cause.

IIa. To compare "chronic GVHD" (GRFS) after haploHCT and MUD HCT using landmark definitions.

IIb. To compare "current" GRFS is defined as the time to onset of any of the following events from Day 0 of HCT: Grade III-IV acute GVHD, chronic GVHD that is STILL requiring systemic immunosuppressive treatment, disease relapse or progression, death from any cause at 18 months and 2 years.

III. To evaluate the influence of key clinical variables: age (<13 years and 13-21.99 years), disease (ALL/MPAL versus [vs.] AML/MDS), haploHCT approach (TCR alpha beta + T cell depletion vs. post-transplant cyclophosphamide [PTCy]); donor age (by ten-year increments), donor sex (maternal vs. paternal for parental donation), pre-HCT minimal residual disease status (MRD + vs MRD -); pediatric disease risk index (low, intermediate, and high, impact on OS and DFS only), conditioning regimen (chemotherapy based versus total-body irradiation [TBI] based), immunosuppressive regimen (anti-thymocyte globulin [ATG] exposure according to the weight and absolute lymphocyte count [ALC] dependent dosing approach vs no ATG exposure) time to transplant (interval between diagnosis/relapse and date of stem cell infusion) graft cell dose, use of relapse prevention therapy (yes or no) and weight on engraftment, OS, DFS, GRFS, relapse, transplant related mortality (TRM), aGvHD and cGvHD at 1 and 2 years after haplo and MUD HCT by performing stratified and multivariate analyses.

IV. To compare other important transplant related outcomes after haplo and MUD HCT, such as:

IVa. Incidence of any significant fungal infections (defined as proven or probable fungal infection) through 1 year post HCT; IVb. Incidence of viremia with or without end organ disease (i.e. cytomegalovirus [CMV], adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], human herpesvirus 6 [HHV-6], BK) requiring hospitalization and/or systemic antiviral therapy and/or cell therapy through 1 year post HCT; IVc. Incidence of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) through 100 days post HCT; IVd. As defined by the Cairo criteria; IVe. To compare the incidence and outcome of SOS when different criteria are used (European Bone Marrow Transplant [EBMT], Cairo, Baltimore, and modified Seattle criteria); IVf. Incidence of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) through 100 days post HCT.

V. To compare immune recovery after haplo PTCy, haplo alpha-beta T cell depletion, and MUD HCT via:

Va. Pace of reconstitution of T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells and immunoglobulins at 30 days, 60 days, 100 days, 180 days and 365 days after HCT; Vb. Response to vaccinations as determined by vaccination-specific antibody titers at 12-18 months post hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT); Vc. Biobanking blood or marrow to analyze the impact of graft composition on GvHD, relapse and viremia; Vd. Biobanking whole blood and serum to compare immune recovery using extended immune phenotyping and immune functional assessments.

VI. Biobanking whole blood or serum to measure rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) exposure when dosed according to weight and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) using established pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics assays (after last infusion, Day -4, Day 0, Day +7).

VII. To compare resource utilization after haplo and MUD HCT. VIIa. Length of HCT hospital stay from Day 0 and readmissions within the first 100 days (number of readmissions, duration, and reason).

VIIb. Inpatient costs within the first 100 days and at 2 years post HCT. VIII. To describe and compare outcomes (neutrophil and platelet engraftment, graft failure, OS, DFS, GRFS, NRM, relapse, GvHD and health-related quality of life [HRQOL] post HCT) by recipient race/ethnicity, annual household income, primary spoken language and conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA).

IX. To describe HRQoL outcomes in racial/ethnic minorities and compare HRQoL outcomes between White patients receiving haploHCT and racial/ethnic minority patients receiving haploHCT.

X. To assess the feasibility of incorporating total body irradiation (TBI) delivered with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or tomotherapy into a multi-institutional study, to describe the toxicities and oncologic outcomes (relapse, DFS, OS, and TRM) of the subgroup of patients treated with this approach, and to compare these outcomes to those of patients treated with conventional TBI.

OUTLINE: Patients who have both a MUD and haplo donor are randomized to Arm A or Arm B. Patients who only have a haplo donor are nonrandomly assigned to Arm C.

ARM A: Patients receive a haplo HCT following a TBI- based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion (center's choice). When PTCy is used, it Is administered on days 3 and 4 after HCT and additional immunsouppression is started on day 5 after SCT.

ARM B: Patients receive a MUD HCT following a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2 Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 1-11.

ARM C: Patients receive a haploHCT following a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion (center's choice). When PTCy is used, it Is administered on days 3 and 4 after HCT and additional immunsouppression is started on day 5 after SCT.

Patients in all arms undergo standard HCT screening prior to transplant including disease evaluation (lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration), and organ function evaluation including but not limited to echocardiogram (ECHO) or multigated acquisition scan (MUGA), PFTS, and bloodwork.Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for up to 5 years from HCT.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 435
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Australia
  • New South Wales
    • Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145
      • The Children's Hospital at Westmead
• Canada
  • Alberta
    • Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 6A8
      • Alberta Children's Hospital
  • British Columbia
    • Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6H 3V4
      • British Columbia Children's Hospital
  • Manitoba
    • Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 0V9
      • CancerCare Manitoba
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
      • Hospital for Sick Children
  • Quebec
    • Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
      • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233
      • Children's Hospital of Alabama
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85016
      • Phoenix Childrens Hospital
  • Arkansas
    • Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72202-3591
      • Arkansas Children's Hospital
  • California
    • Duarte, California, United States, 91010
      • City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Loma Linda, California, United States, 92354
      • Loma Linda University Medical Center
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90027
      • Children's Hospital Los Angeles
    • Oakland, California, United States, 94609
      • UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland
    • Palo Alto, California, United States, 94304
      • Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford University
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94158
      • UCSF Medical Center-Mission Bay
  • Colorado
    • Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045
      • Children's Hospital Colorado
  • Connecticut
    • New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06520
      • Yale University
  • Delaware
    • Wilmington, Delaware, United States, 19803
      • Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
  • District of Columbia
    • Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States, 20010
      • Children's National Medical Center
  • Florida
    • Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32610
      • UF Health Cancer Institute - Gainesville
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32207
      • Nemours Children's Clinic-Jacksonville
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33155
      • Nicklaus Children's Hospital
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
      • University of Miami Miller School of Medicine-Sylvester Cancer Center
    • Orlando, Florida, United States, 32803
      • AdventHealth Orlando
    • St. Petersburg, Florida, United States, 33701
      • Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60637
      • University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Lurie Children's Hospital-Chicago
  • Indiana
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202
      • Riley Hospital for Children
  • Iowa
    • Iowa City, Iowa, United States, 52242
      • University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Kentucky
    • Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40202
      • Norton Children's Hospital
  • Louisiana
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70118
      • Children's Hospital New Orleans
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287
      • Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109
      • C S Mott Children's Hospital
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201
      • Children's Hospital of Michigan
    • Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States, 49503
      • Corewell Health Grand Rapids Hospitals - Helen DeVos Children's Hospital
  • Minnesota
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Mayo Clinic in Rochester
  • Mississippi
    • Jackson, Mississippi, United States, 39216
      • University of Mississippi Medical Center
  • Missouri
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64108
      • Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics
    • St Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
      • Washington University School of Medicine
  • New Jersey
    • Hackensack, New Jersey, United States, 07601
      • Hackensack University Medical Center
  • New York
    • Buffalo, New York, United States, 14263
      • Roswell Park Cancer Institute
    • New Hyde Park, New York, United States, 11040
      • The Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10032
      • NYP/Columbia University Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • New York, New York, United States, 10016
      • Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone
    • Rochester, New York, United States, 14642
      • University of Rochester
    • The Bronx, New York, United States, 10467
      • Montefiore Medical Center - Moses Campus
    • Valhalla, New York, United States, 10595
      • New York Medical College
  • North Carolina
    • Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28203
      • Carolinas Medical Center/Levine Cancer Institute
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
      • Duke University Medical Center
  • Ohio
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195
      • Cleveland Clinic Foundation
  • Oklahoma
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73104
      • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
  • Pennsylvania
    • Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States, 17033
      • Penn State Children's Hospital
  • South Carolina
    • Charleston, South Carolina, United States, 29425
      • Medical University of South Carolina
  • Tennessee
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232
      • Vanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37203
      • The Children's Hospital at TriStar Centennial
  • Texas
    • Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390
      • UT Southwestern/Simmons Cancer Center-Dallas
    • Dallas, Texas, United States, 75230
      • Medical City Dallas Hospital
    • Fort Worth, Texas, United States, 76104
      • Cook Children's Medical Center
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229
      • Methodist Children's Hospital of South Texas
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84113
      • Primary Children's Hospital
  • Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298
      • VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Wisconsin
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53792
      • University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center - University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 6 months to 21 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• PATIENT INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT:
• 6 months to < 22 years at enrollment
• Diagnosed with ALL, AML, or MDS or mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) for which an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is indicated. Complete Remission (CR) status will not be confirmed at the time of enrollment. CR as defined in these sections is required to proceed with the actual HCT treatment plan
• Has not received a prior allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
• Does not have a suitable human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor available for stem cell donation

• Has an eligible haploidentical related family donor based on at least intermediate resolution HLA typing

  • Patients who also have an eligible 8/8 MUD adult donor based on confirmatory high resolution HLA typing are eligible for randomization to Arm A or Arm B.
  • Patients who do not have an eligible MUD donor are eligible for enrollment to Arm C
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

• Co-Enrollment on other trials

  • Patients will not be excluded from enrollment on this study if already enrolled on other protocols for treatment of high risk and/or relapsed ALL, AML, MPAL and MDS. This is including, but not limited to, COG AAML1831, COG AALL1821, the EndRAD Trial, as well as local institutional trials. We will collect information on all co-enrollments
  • Patients will not be excluded from enrollment on this study if receiving immunotherapy prior to transplant as a way to achieve remission and bridge to transplant. This includes chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy and other immunotherapies
• PATIENT INCLUSION CRITERIA TO PROCEED TO HCT:
• Karnofsky Index or Lansky Play-Performance Scale >= 60 on pre-transplant evaluation. Karnofsky scores must be used for patients >= 16 years of age and Lansky scores for patients =< 16 years of age (within 4 weeks of starting therapy)

• A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:

  6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 mg/dL (Male); 0.5 mg/dL (Female)

  1. to < 2 years: 0.6 mg/dL (Male); 0.6 mg/dL (Female)
  2. to < 6 years: 0.8 mg/dL (Male); 0.8 mg/dL (Female)

  6 to < 10 years: 1 mg/dL (Male); 1 mg/dL (Female) 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 mg/dL (Male); 1.2 mg/dL (Female) 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 mg/dL (Male); 1.4 mg/dL (Female) >= 16 years: 1.7 mg/dL (Male); 1.4 mg/dL (Female)

  • OR

• A 24 hour urine Creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2

  • OR

• A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2. GFR must be performed using direct measurement with a nuclear blood sampling method OR direct small molecule clearance method (iothalamate or other molecule per institutional standard)

  • Note: Estimated GFR (eGFR) from serum creatinine, cystatin C or other estimates are not acceptable for determining eligibility
• Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) aspartate aminotransferase [AST] or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) aminotransferase [ALT] < 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• Total bilirubin < 2.5 mg/dL, unless attributable to Gilbert's Syndrome

• Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram or radionuclide scan (MUGA)

  • OR
• Ejection fraction of >= 50% by echocardiogram or radionuclide scan (MUGA), choice of test according to local standard of care

• Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and corrected carbon monoxide diffusing capability (DLCO) must all be >= 50% of predicted by pulmonary function tests (PFTs).

  • For children who are unable to perform for PFTs (e.g., due to age or developmental delay), the criteria are: no evidence of dyspnea at rest, oxygen (O2) saturation (Sat) > 92% on room air by pulse oximetry, not on supplemental O2 at rest, and not on supplemental O2 at rest
• MPAL in first complete remission (CR1) for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include those patients who are poorly responsive to ALL therapy (end of induction failure( IF-MPAL) to ALL induction (see IF-MPAL note below), end of induction MRD ≥ 5% or end-of-consolidation MRD > 0.01%), as well as patients treated with AML therapy

• IF-MPAL: additional criterion for Induction failure for MPAL ONLY as per ALL1732:

  • An increasing number of circulating leukemia cells on 3 or more consecutive CBCs obtained at daily or longer intervals following day 8 of Induction therapy and prior to day 29 with confirmation by flow cytometry OR development of new sites of extramedullary disease, or other laboratory or clinical evidence of refractory disease or progression prior to the end of Induction evaluation (note that residual testicular disease at the end of Induction is an exception)
• MPAL in > second complete remission (CR2)
• ALL high-risk in CR1 for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include: induction failure, treatment failure as per minimal residual disease by flow cytometry > 0.01% after consolidation and not eligible for AALL1721 or AALL1721 not available/unwilling to enroll, hypodiploidy (< 44 chromosomes) with MRD+ > 0.01% after induction, persistent or recurrent cytogenetic or molecular evidence of disease during therapy requiring additional therapy after induction to achieve remission (e.g. persistent molecular BCR-ABL positivity), T cell ALL with persistent MRD > 0.01% after consolidation.
• ALL in CR2 for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include: B-cell: early (=< 36 months from initiation of therapy) bone marrow (BM) relapse, late BM relapse (>= 36 months) with MRD >= 0.1% by flow cytometry after first re-induction therapy; T or B-cell: early (< 18 months) isolated extramedullary (IEM), late (>= 18 months) IEM, end-Block 1 MRD >= 0.1%; T-cell or Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+): BM relapse at any time
• ALL in >= third complete remission (CR3)
• Patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CART) cells for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include: transplant for consolidation of CART, loss of CART persistence and/or B cell aplasia < 6 months from infusion or have other evidence (e.g., MRD+) that transplant is indicated to prevent relapse

• AML in CR1 for whom transplant is indicated. Examples include those deemed high risk for relapse as described in AAML1831:

  • FLT3/ITD+ with allelic ratio > 0.1 without bZIP CEBPA, NPM1
  • FLT3/ITD+ with allelic ratio > 0.1 with concurrent bZIP CEBPA or NPM1 and with evidence of residual AML (MRD >= 0.05%) at end of Induction
  • Presence of RAM phenotype or unfavorable prognostic markers (other than FLT3/ITD) per cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), next generation sequencing (NGS) results, regardless of favorable genetic markers, MRD status or FLT3/ITD mutation status
  • AML without favorable or unfavorable cytogenetic or molecular features but with evidence of residual AML (MRD >= 0.05%) at end of Induction
  • Presence of a non-ITD FLT3 activating mutation and positive MRD (>= 0.05%) at end of Induction 1 regardless of presence of favorable genetic markers.
• AML in >= CR2
• MDS with < 5% blasts by morphology and flow cytometry (if available) on the pre-transplant bone marrow evaluation
• Complete remission (CR) is defined as < 5% blasts by morphology and flow cytometry (if available) on the pre-transplant bone marrow evaluation with minimum sustained absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 300 cells/microliter for 1 week or ANC > 500 cells/microliter. We will be collecting data from all approaches to MRD evaluation performed including NGS and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is strongly recommended that MPAL be evaluated using multidimensional flow cytometry and/or (KMT2Ar) qt PCR. It is strongly recommended that MPAL be evaluated using multidimensional flow cytometry and/or (KMT2Ar) qt PCR
• DONOR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:
• Matched Unrelated Donors:

Unrelated donor candidates must be matched at high resolution at a minimum of 8/8 alleles (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1). One-antigen HLA mismatches are not permitted. HLA matching of additional alleles is recommended according to National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) guidelines, but will be at the discretion of local centers

• Haploidentical Matched Family Members:

  • Minimum match level full haploidentical (at least 5/10; HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 alleles). The following issues (in no particular order) should be considered in choosing a haploidentical donor:

    • Absent or low patient donor-specific antibodies (DSA)

      • Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of any anti-donor HLA antibody by solid phase immunoassay should be < 2000. Donors with higher levels are not eligible.

        • If a screening assay against pooled HLA antigens is used, positive results must be followed with specificity testing using a single antigen assay. The MFI must be < 2000 unless the laboratory has validated higher threshold values for reactivity for HLA antigens (such as HLA-C, -DQ, and -DP), that may be enhanced in concentration on the single antigen assays. Donor anti- recipient antibodies are of unknown clinical significance and do not need to be sent or reported.
        • Consult with Study Chair for the clinical significance of any recipient anti-donor HLA antibody.
        • If centers are unable to perform this type of testing, please contact the Study Chair to make arrangements for testing.
    • If killer immunoglobulin testing (KIR) is performed: KIR status by mismatch, KIR-B, or KIR content criteria can be used according to institutional guidelines.

    • ABO compatibility (in order of priority):

      • Compatible or minor ABO incompatibility
      • Major ABO incompatibility

    • CMV serostatus:

      • For a CMV seronegative recipient: the priority is to use a CMV seronegative donor when feasible
      • For a CMV seropositive recipient: the priority is to use a CMV seropositive donor when feasible
    • Age: younger donors including siblings/half-siblings, and second degree relatives (aunts, uncles, cousins) are recommended, even if < 18 years
• Size and vascular access appropriate by center standard for peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection if needed
• Haploidentical matched family members: screened by center health screens and found to be eligible
• Unrelated donors: meet eligibility criteria as defined by the NMDP or other unrelated donor registries. If the donor does not meet the registry eligibility criteria but an acceptable eligibility waiver is completed and signed per registry guidelines, the donor will be considered eligible for this study
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative
• Not pregnant
• MUD donors and post-transplant cyclophosphamide haplo donors should be asked to provide BM. If donors refuse and other donors are not available, PBSC is allowed. TCR-alpha beta/CD19 depleted haplo donors must agree to donate PBSC

• Must give informed consent:

  • Haploidentical matched family members: Institution standard of care donor consent and Protocol-specific Donor Consent for Optional Studies
  • Unrelated donors: standard NMDP Unrelated Donor Consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• PATIENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT:
• Patients with genetic disorders (generally marrow failure syndromes) prone to secondary AML/ALL/MPAL with known poor outcomes because of sensitivity to alkylator therapy and/or TBI are not eligible (Fanconi Anemia, Kostmann Syndrome, Dyskeratosis Congenita, etc). Patients with Downs syndrome because of increased toxicity with intensive conditioning regimens.
• Patients with any obvious contraindication to myeloablative HCT at the time of enrollment
• Female patients who are pregnant are ineligible as many of the medications used in this protocol could be harmful to unborn children and infants
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
• PATIENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA TO PROCEED TO HCT:
• Patients with uncontrolled fungal, bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections are excluded. Patients with history of fungal disease during chemotherapy may proceed if they have a significant response to antifungal therapy with no or minimal evidence of disease remaining by computed tomography (CT) evaluation

• Patients with active central nervous system (CNS) leukemia or any other active site of extramedullary disease at the time of initiation of the conditioning regimen are not permitted.

  • Note: Those with prior history of CNS or extramedullary disease, but with no active disease at the time of pre-transplant workup, are eligible
• Pregnant or breastfeeding females are ineligible as many of the medications used in this protocol could be harmful to unborn children and infants

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm A (halploHCT); Patients receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.	Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Ancillary studies; Other Names: Quality of Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Ancillary studies; Procedure: Biospecimen Collection; Undergo collection of blood; Other Names: Biological Sample Collection; Biospecimen Collected; Specimen Collection; Procedure: Lumbar Puncture; Undergo lumbar puncture; Other Names: LP; Spinal Tap; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; Given IV; Other Names: Cytoxan; CTX; (-)-Cyclophosphamide; 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide, monohydrate; Carloxan; Ciclofosfamida; Ciclofosfamide; Cicloxal; Clafen; Claphene; CP monohydrate; CYCLO-cell; Cycloblastin; Cycloblastine; Cyclophospham; Cyclophosphamid monohydrate; Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate; Cyclophosphamidum; Cyclophosphan; Cyclophosphane; Cyclophosphanum; Cyclostin; Cyclostine; Cytophosphan; Cytophosphane; Fosfaseron; Genoxal; Genuxal; Ledoxina; Mitoxan; Neosar; Revimmune; Syklofosfamid; WR- 138719; Asta B 518; B-518; WR-138719; B 518; B518; WR 138719; WR138719; Drug: Fludarabine; Given IV; Other Names: Fluradosa; Biological: Rituximab; Given IV; Other Names: Rituxan; MabThera; ABP 798; BI 695500; C2B8 Monoclonal Antibody; Chimeric Anti-CD20 Antibody; CT-P10; IDEC-102; IDEC-C2B8; IDEC-C2B8 Monoclonal Antibody; Monoclonal Antibody IDEC-C2B8; PF-05280586; Riabni; Rituximab ABBS; Rituximab ARRX; Rituximab Biosimilar ABP 798; Rituximab Biosimilar BI 695500; Rituximab Biosimilar CT-P10; Rituximab Biosimilar GB241; Rituximab Biosimilar IBI301; Rituximab Biosimilar JHL1101; Rituximab Biosimilar PF-05280586; Rituximab Biosimilar RTXM83; Rituximab Biosimilar SAIT101; Rituximab Biosimilar SIBP-02; rituximab biosimilar TQB2303; Rituximab PVVR; Rituximab-arrx; Rituximab-pvvr; RTXM83; Ruxience; Truxima; Rixathon; Ikgdar; Mabtas; Rituximab-abbs; BI-695500; BI695500; Blitzima; IDEC 102; IDEC102; PF 05280586; PF05280586; Ritemvia; Rituximab-blit; Rituximab-rite; Rituximab-rixa; Rituximab-rixi; Riximyo; RTXM 83; RTXM-83; ABP-798; ABP798; CT P10; CTP10; GP 2013; GP-2013; GP2013; Rituximab Biosimilar GP2013; Drug: Melphalan; Given IV; Other Names: CB-3025; L-PAM; L-Sarcolysin; Alanine Nitrogen Mustard; L-Phenylalanine Mustard; L-Sarcolysin Phenylalanine mustard; L-Sarcolysine; Melphalanum; Phenylalanine Mustard; Phenylalanine Nitrogen Mustard; Sarcoclorin; Sarkolysin; WR-19813; Melphalan for Injection-Hepatic Delivery System; Radiation: Total-Body Irradiation; Undergo TBI; Other Names: Total Body Irradiation; TBI; SCT_TBI; Whole Body Irradiation; Whole-Body Irradiation; Whole Body; Procedure: Multigated Acquisition Scan; Undergo MUGA; Other Names: Blood Pool Scan; Equilibrium Radionuclide Angiography; Gated Blood Pool Imaging; MUGA; Radionuclide Ventriculography; RNVG; SYMA Scanning; Synchronized Multigated Acquisition Scanning; MUGA Scan; Multi-Gated Acquisition Scan; Radionuclide Ventriculogram Scan; Gated Heart Pool Scan; RNV Scan; Procedure: Bone Marrow Aspiration; Undergo bone marrow aspiration; Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil; Given IV; Other Names: CellCept; MMF; Drug: Tacrolimus; Given IV; Other Names: Prograf; FK506; Hecoria; FK 506; Fujimycin; Protopic; FK-506; Tacforius; Drug: Busulfan; Given intravenously (IV); Other Names: Busulfex; Misulfan; Mitosan; Myeloleukon; Myelosan; 1, 4-Bis[methanesulfonoxy]butane; BUS; Bussulfam; Busulfanum; Busulphan; CB 2041; CB-2041; Glyzophrol; GT 41; GT-41; Joacamine; Methanesulfonic Acid Tetramethylene Ester; Methanesulfonic acid, tetramethylene ester; Mielucin; Misulban; Myeleukon; Mylecytan; Myleran; Sulfabutin; Tetramethylene Bis(methanesulfonate); Tetramethylene bis[methanesulfonate]; WR-19508; Busilvex; Procedure: Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation; Undergo haploHCT; Other Names: Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation; HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation; Stem Cell Transplantation, Haploidentical; Biological: Lapine T-Lymphocyte Immune Globulin; Given IV; Other Names: Thymoglobulin; Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Rabbit; Grafalon; Rabbit Anti-Human Thymocyte Globulin (RATG); Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin; Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin; Rabbit ATG; Antithymocyte Globulin Rabbit; Antithymocyte globulin rabbit ATG; Imtix; Procedure: Myeloablative Conditioning; Receive myeloablative conditioning regimen; Other Names: Myeloablation; Myeloablative; Myeloablative Cytoreduction; Drug: Thiotepa; Given IV; Other Names: Tepadina; Oncotiotepa; STEPA; TESPA; Tespamin; TSPA; 1,1',1''-Phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine; Girostan; N,N', N''-Triethylenethiophosphoramide; Tespamine; Thio-Tepa; Thiofosfamide; Thiofozil; Thiophosphamide; Thiophosphoramide; Thiotef; Tifosyl; TIO TEF; Tio-tef; Triethylene Thiophosphoramide; Triethylenethiophosphoramide; Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide; WR 45312; Thiophosphoamide; SH 105; SH-105; SH105; Tepylute; Procedure: T-Cell Depletion Therapy; Undergo haploHCT with alpha beta T cell depletion; Other Names: T-Cell Depletion; T-Lymphocyte Depletion Therapy; Procedure: Echocardiography Test; Undergo ECHO; Other Names: Echocardiography; EC
Experimental: Arm B (MUD-HCT); Patients receive a TBI-based or chemotherapy-based myeloablative conditioning regimen between days -9 and -2, followed by MUD-HCT on day 0. Patients then receive GVHD prophylaxis regimen on days 1-11. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.	Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Ancillary studies; Other Names: Quality of Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Ancillary studies; Procedure: Biospecimen Collection; Undergo collection of blood; Other Names: Biological Sample Collection; Biospecimen Collected; Specimen Collection; Procedure: Lumbar Puncture; Undergo lumbar puncture; Other Names: LP; Spinal Tap; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; Given IV; Other Names: Cytoxan; CTX; (-)-Cyclophosphamide; 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide, monohydrate; Carloxan; Ciclofosfamida; Ciclofosfamide; Cicloxal; Clafen; Claphene; CP monohydrate; CYCLO-cell; Cycloblastin; Cycloblastine; Cyclophospham; Cyclophosphamid monohydrate; Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate; Cyclophosphamidum; Cyclophosphan; Cyclophosphane; Cyclophosphanum; Cyclostin; Cyclostine; Cytophosphan; Cytophosphane; Fosfaseron; Genoxal; Genuxal; Ledoxina; Mitoxan; Neosar; Revimmune; Syklofosfamid; WR- 138719; Asta B 518; B-518; WR-138719; B 518; B518; WR 138719; WR138719; Drug: Fludarabine; Given IV; Other Names: Fluradosa; Drug: Methotrexate; Given IV; Other Names: Abitrexate; Folex; Mexate; MTX; Alpha-Methopterin; Amethopterin; Brimexate; CL 14377; CL-14377; Emtexate; Emthexat; Emthexate; Farmitrexat; Fauldexato; Folex PFS; Lantarel; Ledertrexate; Lumexon; Maxtrex; Medsatrexate; Metex; Methoblastin; Methotrexate LPF; Methotrexate Methylaminopterin; Methotrexatum; Metotrexato; Metrotex; Mexate-AQ; Novatrex; Rheumatrex; Texate; Tremetex; Trexeron; Trixilem; WR-19039; Jylamvo; Radiation: Total-Body Irradiation; Undergo TBI; Other Names: Total Body Irradiation; TBI; SCT_TBI; Whole Body Irradiation; Whole-Body Irradiation; Whole Body; Procedure: Multigated Acquisition Scan; Undergo MUGA; Other Names: Blood Pool Scan; Equilibrium Radionuclide Angiography; Gated Blood Pool Imaging; MUGA; Radionuclide Ventriculography; RNVG; SYMA Scanning; Synchronized Multigated Acquisition Scanning; MUGA Scan; Multi-Gated Acquisition Scan; Radionuclide Ventriculogram Scan; Gated Heart Pool Scan; RNV Scan; Procedure: Bone Marrow Aspiration; Undergo bone marrow aspiration; Drug: Tacrolimus; Given IV; Other Names: Prograf; FK506; Hecoria; FK 506; Fujimycin; Protopic; FK-506; Tacforius; Drug: Busulfan; Given intravenously (IV); Other Names: Busulfex; Misulfan; Mitosan; Myeloleukon; Myelosan; 1, 4-Bis[methanesulfonoxy]butane; BUS; Bussulfam; Busulfanum; Busulphan; CB 2041; CB-2041; Glyzophrol; GT 41; GT-41; Joacamine; Methanesulfonic Acid Tetramethylene Ester; Methanesulfonic acid, tetramethylene ester; Mielucin; Misulban; Myeleukon; Mylecytan; Myleran; Sulfabutin; Tetramethylene Bis(methanesulfonate); Tetramethylene bis[methanesulfonate]; WR-19508; Busilvex; Biological: Lapine T-Lymphocyte Immune Globulin; Given IV; Other Names: Thymoglobulin; Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Rabbit; Grafalon; Rabbit Anti-Human Thymocyte Globulin (RATG); Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin; Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin; Rabbit ATG; Antithymocyte Globulin Rabbit; Antithymocyte globulin rabbit ATG; Imtix; Procedure: Myeloablative Conditioning; Receive myeloablative conditioning regimen; Other Names: Myeloablation; Myeloablative; Myeloablative Cytoreduction; Drug: Thiotepa; Given IV; Other Names: Tepadina; Oncotiotepa; STEPA; TESPA; Tespamin; TSPA; 1,1',1''-Phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine; Girostan; N,N', N''-Triethylenethiophosphoramide; Tespamine; Thio-Tepa; Thiofosfamide; Thiofozil; Thiophosphamide; Thiophosphoramide; Thiotef; Tifosyl; TIO TEF; Tio-tef; Triethylene Thiophosphoramide; Triethylenethiophosphoramide; Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide; WR 45312; Thiophosphoamide; SH 105; SH-105; SH105; Tepylute; Procedure: Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation; Undergo MUD-HCT; Other Names: MUD-HCT; Procedure: Echocardiography Test; Undergo ECHO; Other Names: Echocardiography; EC
Experimental: Arm C (haploHCT); Patients who only have a haplo donor receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy or alpha beta T cell depletion at the discretion of the treating provider. Patients then undergo haploHCT on day 0. Patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning regimen with PTCy also receive GVHD prophylaxis on days 3-5. Patients undergo lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, and ECHO or MUGA during screening. Patients also undergo collection of blood throughout the trial.	Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment; Ancillary studies; Other Names: Quality of Life Assessment; Other: Questionnaire Administration; Ancillary studies; Procedure: Biospecimen Collection; Undergo collection of blood; Other Names: Biological Sample Collection; Biospecimen Collected; Specimen Collection; Procedure: Lumbar Puncture; Undergo lumbar puncture; Other Names: LP; Spinal Tap; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; Given IV; Other Names: Cytoxan; CTX; (-)-Cyclophosphamide; 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide, monohydrate; Carloxan; Ciclofosfamida; Ciclofosfamide; Cicloxal; Clafen; Claphene; CP monohydrate; CYCLO-cell; Cycloblastin; Cycloblastine; Cyclophospham; Cyclophosphamid monohydrate; Cyclophosphamide Monohydrate; Cyclophosphamidum; Cyclophosphan; Cyclophosphane; Cyclophosphanum; Cyclostin; Cyclostine; Cytophosphan; Cytophosphane; Fosfaseron; Genoxal; Genuxal; Ledoxina; Mitoxan; Neosar; Revimmune; Syklofosfamid; WR- 138719; Asta B 518; B-518; WR-138719; B 518; B518; WR 138719; WR138719; Drug: Fludarabine; Given IV; Other Names: Fluradosa; Biological: Rituximab; Given IV; Other Names: Rituxan; MabThera; ABP 798; BI 695500; C2B8 Monoclonal Antibody; Chimeric Anti-CD20 Antibody; CT-P10; IDEC-102; IDEC-C2B8; IDEC-C2B8 Monoclonal Antibody; Monoclonal Antibody IDEC-C2B8; PF-05280586; Riabni; Rituximab ABBS; Rituximab ARRX; Rituximab Biosimilar ABP 798; Rituximab Biosimilar BI 695500; Rituximab Biosimilar CT-P10; Rituximab Biosimilar GB241; Rituximab Biosimilar IBI301; Rituximab Biosimilar JHL1101; Rituximab Biosimilar PF-05280586; Rituximab Biosimilar RTXM83; Rituximab Biosimilar SAIT101; Rituximab Biosimilar SIBP-02; rituximab biosimilar TQB2303; Rituximab PVVR; Rituximab-arrx; Rituximab-pvvr; RTXM83; Ruxience; Truxima; Rixathon; Ikgdar; Mabtas; Rituximab-abbs; BI-695500; BI695500; Blitzima; IDEC 102; IDEC102; PF 05280586; PF05280586; Ritemvia; Rituximab-blit; Rituximab-rite; Rituximab-rixa; Rituximab-rixi; Riximyo; RTXM 83; RTXM-83; ABP-798; ABP798; CT P10; CTP10; GP 2013; GP-2013; GP2013; Rituximab Biosimilar GP2013; Drug: Melphalan; Given IV; Other Names: CB-3025; L-PAM; L-Sarcolysin; Alanine Nitrogen Mustard; L-Phenylalanine Mustard; L-Sarcolysin Phenylalanine mustard; L-Sarcolysine; Melphalanum; Phenylalanine Mustard; Phenylalanine Nitrogen Mustard; Sarcoclorin; Sarkolysin; WR-19813; Melphalan for Injection-Hepatic Delivery System; Radiation: Total-Body Irradiation; Undergo TBI; Other Names: Total Body Irradiation; TBI; SCT_TBI; Whole Body Irradiation; Whole-Body Irradiation; Whole Body; Procedure: Multigated Acquisition Scan; Undergo MUGA; Other Names: Blood Pool Scan; Equilibrium Radionuclide Angiography; Gated Blood Pool Imaging; MUGA; Radionuclide Ventriculography; RNVG; SYMA Scanning; Synchronized Multigated Acquisition Scanning; MUGA Scan; Multi-Gated Acquisition Scan; Radionuclide Ventriculogram Scan; Gated Heart Pool Scan; RNV Scan; Procedure: Bone Marrow Aspiration; Undergo bone marrow aspiration; Drug: Mycophenolate Mofetil; Given IV; Other Names: CellCept; MMF; Drug: Tacrolimus; Given IV; Other Names: Prograf; FK506; Hecoria; FK 506; Fujimycin; Protopic; FK-506; Tacforius; Drug: Busulfan; Given intravenously (IV); Other Names: Busulfex; Misulfan; Mitosan; Myeloleukon; Myelosan; 1, 4-Bis[methanesulfonoxy]butane; BUS; Bussulfam; Busulfanum; Busulphan; CB 2041; CB-2041; Glyzophrol; GT 41; GT-41; Joacamine; Methanesulfonic Acid Tetramethylene Ester; Methanesulfonic acid, tetramethylene ester; Mielucin; Misulban; Myeleukon; Mylecytan; Myleran; Sulfabutin; Tetramethylene Bis(methanesulfonate); Tetramethylene bis[methanesulfonate]; WR-19508; Busilvex; Procedure: Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation; Undergo haploHCT; Other Names: Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation; HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation; Stem Cell Transplantation, Haploidentical; Biological: Lapine T-Lymphocyte Immune Globulin; Given IV; Other Names: Thymoglobulin; Anti-Thymocyte Globulin Rabbit; Grafalon; Rabbit Anti-Human Thymocyte Globulin (RATG); Rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globulin; Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin; Rabbit ATG; Antithymocyte Globulin Rabbit; Antithymocyte globulin rabbit ATG; Imtix; Procedure: Myeloablative Conditioning; Receive myeloablative conditioning regimen; Other Names: Myeloablation; Myeloablative; Myeloablative Cytoreduction; Drug: Thiotepa; Given IV; Other Names: Tepadina; Oncotiotepa; STEPA; TESPA; Tespamin; TSPA; 1,1',1''-Phosphinothioylidynetrisaziridine; Girostan; N,N', N''-Triethylenethiophosphoramide; Tespamine; Thio-Tepa; Thiofosfamide; Thiofozil; Thiophosphamide; Thiophosphoramide; Thiotef; Tifosyl; TIO TEF; Tio-tef; Triethylene Thiophosphoramide; Triethylenethiophosphoramide; Tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulfide; WR 45312; Thiophosphoamide; SH 105; SH-105; SH105; Tepylute; Procedure: T-Cell Depletion Therapy; Undergo haploHCT with alpha beta T cell depletion; Other Names: T-Cell Depletion; T-Lymphocyte Depletion Therapy; Procedure: Echocardiography Test; Undergo ECHO; Other Names: Echocardiography; EC

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Severe GVHD (Grade III-IV acute GVHD or chronic GVHD requiring systemic immunosuppressive therapy)	We will estimate the cumulative incidence of severe GVHD at 1-year post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence interval among enrolled and eligible patients randomly assigned to either HAPLO or MUD arms who actually undergo HCT.	Up-to 1-year post hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)
Disease free survival (DFS) (where an event is the occurrence of death from any cause or relapse)	We will estimate the cumulative incidence at 1 year post randomization and the corresponding 95% confidence interval among all enrolled and eligible patients randomly assigned to either HAPLO or MUD arms.	From date of randomization to up-to 1 year post randomization

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Summary score from the Generic Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) (excluding School Functioning)	For enrolled, eligible patients who consent to optional QoL studies, we will estimate the mean PedsQL score (excluding School Functioning) among patients randomized to the Haplo arm, the MUD arm, and among patients who enroll to arm C. For each, we will also calculate a corresponding 95% confidence interval.	At 6-months, 1 year and 2 years post-HCT
Summary score from the PedsQL Stem Cell Transplant module	For enrolled, eligible patients who consent to optional QoL studies, we will estimate the mean PedsQL Stem Cell Transplant module score among patients randomized to the Haplo arm and the MUD arm, and among patients who enroll to arm C. For each, we will calculate a corresponding 95% confidence interval.	6-months, 1 year and 2 years post-HCT
Overall survival (OS)	We will estimate the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality events up-to 1-year post-HCT and the corresponding 95% confidence interval among all enrolled, eligible, randomized patients.	From date of randomization to up-to 1-year post-HCT

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Neutrophil engraftment (defined as achieving a donor derived absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 500/uL for three consecutive measurements on different days)	We will estimate the cumulative incidences of neutrophil engraftment by Day 30 and Day 100 post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence intervals among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either the Haplo or MUD arm and who undergo HCT.	Day 30 and Day 100 post-transplant
Platelet engraftment (defined as the first day of a minimum of three consecutive measurements on different days such that the patient has achieved a platelet count > 20,000/μL and > 50,000/μL with no platelet transfusions in the preceding seven days)	We will estimate cumulative incidences of platelet engraftment by Day 30 and Day 100 post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence intervals among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either the Haplo or MUD arms and who undergo HCT.	Day 30 and Day 100 post-transplant
Primary and secondary graft failure	Primary (defined as lack of donor-derived neutrophil engraftment) and secondary graft failure (defined as initial donor-derived neutrophil engraftment followed by subsequent decline in ANC to < 500/μL with loss of donor chimerism to < 10% donor CD3 in peripheral blood or bone marrow). We will estimate cumulative incidences of primary and separately, secondary graft failure by Day 60 post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence intervals among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms and who undergo HCT.	60 days post transplant
Acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) Grades II-IV and III-IV	We will estimate cumulative incidences of Grade II-IV aGVHD and separately, Grade III-IV aGVHD by Days 100 and 180 post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence intervals among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms and who undergo HCT.	Day 100 and Day 180 post-HCT
Transplant related mortality (TRM)	We will estimate cumulative incidences of transplant-related mortality by 6-months, 1-year, and 2-years post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence intervals among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms and who undergo HCT.	6-months, 1, and 2-year post-HCT
Relapse	We will estimate cumulative incidences of relapse by 6-months, 1-year, and 2-years post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence intervals among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms.	6-months, 1, and 2-years post-HCT
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)-free relapse-free survival (GRFS) (using the standard definition and two landmark definitions)	We will estimate cumulative incidences of GRFS events using all three definitions by 1-year, 18-months, and 2-years post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence intervals among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms and who undergo HCT.	1-year, 18-months, and 2-years post-HCT
Mild, moderate, and severe chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD)	We will estimate cumulative incidences of mild, moderate, and severe cGvHD by 6-months, 1-year, and 2-years post-HCT and corresponding 95% confidence intervals among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms and who undergo HCT.	6-months, 1, and 2-year post-HCT
Significant fungal infections (defined as proven or probable fungal infection according to the De-Pauw definition)	We will estimate the cumulative incidence of significant fungal infections by 1-year post-HCT and the corresponding 95% confidence interval among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms.	Up-to 1-year post-HCT
Viremia (with or without end organ disease) requiring hospitalization and/or systemic antiviral therapy	We will estimate the cumulative incidence of viremia by 1-year post-HCT and the corresponding 95% confidence interval among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms.	Up to 1-year post-HCT
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) (defined by the Cairo criteria and, separately, the EBMT, Baltimore, and modified Seattle criteria)	We will estimate the proportion of patients experiencing SOS under the separate definitions by 100-days post-HCT and the corresponding 95% confidence interval among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms.	Up to 100-days post-HCT
Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA)	We will estimate the proportion of TA-TMA events up-to 100-days post-HCT and the corresponding 95% confidence interval among enrolled, eligible patients randomized to either Haplo or MUD arms and who undergo HCT.	Up to 100-days post-HCT
Reconstitution of T, B, and natural killer (NK) cells and immunoglobulins	We will estimate the median of the distribution of T, B, NK cells, and immunoglobulins among patients given each of three HCT methods (Haplo PTCy, Haplo alpha-beta T-cell depletion, and MUD).	At 30-days, 60-days, 100-days, 180-days and 365-days after HCT
Vaccination-specific antibody titers	We will estimate theedian antibody titer among patients given each of three HCT methods (haplo PTCy, haplo alpha-beta T-cell depletion, and MUD).	12-18 months post-HSCT
Resource utilization (defined using the length of HCT hospital stay including readmissions within 100-days post-HCT, and using costs (inpatient) within the first 100-days and 2-years post HCT using Public Health Information System)	The average proportion of days spent hospitalized will be computed for patients randomized to the Haplo and MUD arms and corresponding 95% confidence intervals will be reported. The median inpatient PHIS adjusted costs by day 100 and 2-years post-HCT will be calculated for patients randomized to Haplo and MUD arms.	100-days and 2-years post-HCT
incorporating total body irradiation (TBI) delivered with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) or tomotherapy	Will be assessed by quality assurance monitoring. Will review treatment plans along with treatment received using data submitted to IROC and will describe the proportion of patients whose planned and actual TBI treatments align among those who received VMAT or tomotherapy. Will quantify the proportion of patients receiving VMAT or tomotherapy TBI who experience serious adverse events (defined as any AE reported through CTEP-AERS) and, separately, who experience any unexpected AE. Will estimate the cumulative incidence of death or relapse (DFS as a composite event) as well as death and relapse separately, and TRM by 0.5, 1, and 2-years year post-transplant from the time of starting TBI among those who receive VMAT or tomotherapy. For relapse and TRM, competing risk analysis will be used, as described under 9.3.5.1. 95% confidence intervals for each of these point estimates will also be provided.	Date of initiating TBI through 100 days post-transplant.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Children's Oncology Group
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Heather J Symons, Children's Oncology Group

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 15, 2023
• Primary Completion (Estimated): June 30, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): June 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 11, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 13, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): July 14, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 22, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 18, 2025
• Last Verified: May 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms; Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Hematologic Diseases; Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Leukemia, Myeloid; Bone Marrow Diseases; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; Proteins; Sulfur Compounds; Organic Chemicals; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring; Investigative Techniques; Therapeutics; Fatty Acids; Lipids; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Diagnosis; Punctures; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Biopsy; Hydrocarbons, Acyclic; Hydrocarbons; Acids, Acyclic; Carboxylic Acids; Transplantation; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immunoproteins; Blood Proteins; Serum Globulins; Globulins; Amino Acids; Alkanes; Alcohols; Butylene Glycols; Glycols; Mesylates; Alkanesulfonates; Alkanesulfonic Acids; Sulfonic Acids; Sulfur Acids; Macrolides; Lactones; Phosphoramide Mustards; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds; Mustard Compounds; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Phosphoramides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pterins; Pteridines; Aminopterin; Radiotherapy; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Biological Products; Complex Mixtures; Cell Transplantation; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Biological Therapy; Blood Component Removal; Phenylalanine; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Triethylenephosphoramide; Aziridines; Azirines; Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; Caproates; Immune Sera; Rituximab; Methotrexate; Cyclophosphamide; Melphalan; Mycophenolic Acid; Tacrolimus; Busulfan; Thiotepa; Antilymphocyte Serum; Specimen Handling; fludarabine; Stem Cell Transplantation; Spinal Puncture; CT-P10; Whole-Body Irradiation; merphos; thymoglobulin; Bone Marrow Purging
• Other Study ID Numbers: ASCT2031 (Other Identifier: CTEP); U10CA180886 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); NCI-2022-07080 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes