Protein Ingestion Timing on Body Composition and Biochemical Markers in Resistance-trained Males

June 8, 2025 updated by: Alexei Wong, Marymount University

Comparison of Protein Ingestion Timing on Body Composition, Physical Performance, and Biochemical Markers in Resistance-trained Males

Protein ingestion timing is an important component for muscle accretion. The investigators hypothesized that protein ingestion timing could affect muscular adaptations and performance in resistance-trained men.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

40

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Virginia
      • Arlington, Virginia, United States, 22207
        • Marymount University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 35 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • performing resistance training at least three times a week for 1 year prior to the start of the study
  • not taking any steroids or any illegal agents known to increase muscle size for at least 1 year prior to the start of the study
  • no known medical issues
  • sleeping for at least seven to eight hours during the 24-hour day

Exclusion Criteria:

  • non-willingness to continue protein ingestion or exercise protocols
  • participation in exercise other than the prescribed resistance training program
  • consumption of dietary supplement (other than the protein intervention) during the study period
  • Missing more than one resistance training session or protein ingestion throughout the study period

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Protein ingestion immediately prior to and immediately after resistance training
This arm involved protein ingestion immediately prior to and immediately after resistance training for 12 weeks. Participants will consume 40 g of isolate whey protein at their recommended timing.
Dietary supplement: isolate whey protein prior to and immediately after resistance training
This arm involved protein ingestion immediately prior to and immediately after resistance training for 12 weeks. Participants will consume 40 g of isolate whey protein at their recommended timing.
Experimental: Protein ingestion 3 hours prior to and 3 hours after resistance training
This arm involved protein ingestion 3 hours prior to and 3 hours after resistance training for 12 weeks. Participants will consume 40 g of isolate whey protein at their recommended timing.
Dietary supplement: isolate whey protein 3 hours prior to and 3 hours after resistance training
This arm involved protein ingestion 3 hours prior to and 3 hours after resistance training for 12 weeks. Participants will consume 40 g of isolate whey protein at their recommended timing.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Body Composition
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Total Lean mass, fat mass, and estimated VAT (g) will be assessed using whole-body DXA
12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Muscular Strength
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Using 1 repetition maximum
12 weeks
Muscular Endurance
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Using leg- and chest press exercises at 75% of the 1-RM
12 weeks
Jump testing
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Using the vertical and broad jump tests
12 weeks
Pull-ups
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Using the pull-up test
12 weeks
Liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and GGT)
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Using Fasting blood samples
12 weeks
Creatinine and Urea Nitrogen
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Urine samples will be collected using standard procedures
12 weeks
Cholesterol Levels
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Using Fasting blood samples
12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Marymount University

Collaborators

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 17, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 12, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 14, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

September 19, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 11, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 8, 2025

Last Verified

June 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • IR.SSRC.REC.1403.059

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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