Oral Findings in Pediatric Patients With Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma

Oral Findings in Pediatric Patients With Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma: a Cohort Study

The aim of the study was to evaluate if there were differences in oral findings between patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and a control group of health people.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Periodontal Diseases; Dental Caries; Allergic Rhinitis; Asthma in Children
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Oral examination

Detailed Description

The aim of the study was to evaluate if there were differences in oral findings between patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and a control group of health people. At the oral evaluation, the following indexes were calculated: PSR, Periodontal Screening and Recording; PI, Plaque Control Record and DMFT, Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index. Absence or presence of mouth breathing was also recorded. Linear regressions were calculated to compare the oral findings with gravity of allergic rhinitis, to asthma compensation and to asthma treatment.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 100

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Italy
  • Lombardy
    • Pavia, Lombardy, Italy, 27100
      • Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry - Section of Dentistry - Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatrics - University of Pavia

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 5 years to 14 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients addressing to the Pediatric clinic of Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy for medical care.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• age 5-14 years old
• presence of allergic rhinitis diagnosed according to ASIA guidelines and/or presence of asthma diagnosed according to GINA guidelines

Exclusion Criteria:

• refuse to participate to the study
• presence of systemic diseases that could alter oral conditions (Sjögren syndrome, celiac disease, calcium disorders).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Case Group; Patients from this group were diagnosed from allergic rhinitis and/or asthma.	Diagnostic test: Oral examination; Patients underwent oral examination with the recording of DMFT, PSR, PI and presence/absence of mouth breathing.
Control Group; Healthy children.	Diagnostic test: Oral examination; Patients underwent oral examination with the recording of DMFT, PSR, PI and presence/absence of mouth breathing.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
PSR - Periodontal Screening and Recording (Landry and Jean, 2002)	Scoring criteria: 0: Absence of clinical signs; 1: Bleeding on probing; 2: Supra and/or subgingival calculus and/or defective margins; 3: Periodontal pocket 4 mm to 5.5 nm deep (coloured band on probe partially visible); 4: Periodontal pocket 6 mm deep (colored band no longer visible); *: Periodontal abnormalities present; X: Sextant absent or fewer than 2 teeth	Baseline
PCR - Plaque Control Record (O' Leary et al., 1972)	% assessment of the amount of plaque on dental surfaces; it is detected on 4 surfaces: distal, mesial, vestibular, lingual / palatal. The number of sites with plaque is divided by the total number of sites available in the mouth and multiplied by 100. Results indicate the index as a percentage.	Baseline
DMFT - Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index (WHO, 2013)	Sum of the decayed, missing, filled teeth.	Baseline
Mouth breathing	Assessment of the presence/absence of mouth breathing.	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Pavia
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Andrea Scribante, DDS, PhD, MSc, University of Pavia

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 15, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): January 25, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 7, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 7, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): October 12, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 12, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 7, 2022
• Last Verified: October 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Lung Diseases; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Bronchial Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity; Nose Diseases; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Diseases; Asthma; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Dental Caries; Periodontal Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2022-PEDORALFINDINGS

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No
• IPD Plan Description: Data are available upon request to the Principal Investigator.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No