Turkish Version of Pain Modulation Index

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Pain Modulation Index

In order to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Pain Modulation Index, 125 volunteers with chronic pain were enrolled in the study. Test and re-test method was used to assess reliability and correlation analyses with Pain Detect, visual analog scale pain and central sensitization inventory scores were used to assess validity of the questionnaire. Turkish version of the Pain Modulation Index was found to be a valid and reliable tool for evaluating chronic pain.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Chronic Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Pain Modulation Index; Other: Pain Detect; Other: Central sensitization inventory

Detailed Description

Pain Modulation Index is a questionnaire that was developed in English for the assessment of chronic pain for qualities consistent with central sensitization. The English version of the questionnaire was translated into Turkish by two physicians than back translated into English by two separate bilingual translators. Initially 10 volunteers were asked to answer this first version of the questionnaire and report any difficulties in understanding the items. Their feedback was used to give the questionnaire its final shape. For the validation stage, patients that were diagnosed as having chronic non-cancer pain with more than 3 months duration were enrolled into the study. They answered the questions twice, 15 days apart. In addition to the Turkish version of the Pain Modulation Index, on the first visit, they were also asked to answer Pain Detect and Central Sensitization Inventory. Their answers were analysed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Pain Modulation Index.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 125

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Izmir
    • Bornova, Izmir, Turkey, 355100
      • Ege University Hospital, Department of Physical and rehabilitation medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients who had non-cancer pain for more than 3 months duration.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• presence of chronic non-cancer pain of more than 3 months duration

Exclusion Criteria:

• Illiteracy
• Refusal to take part in the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Only
• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Patients with chronic pain; Patients with non-cancer pain of more than 3 months duration.	Diagnostic test: Pain Modulation Index; A 18 item questionnaire assessing patients' pain characteristics for the detection of disordered pain modulation processes.; Other: Pain Detect; A questionnaire that was validated for the assessment of neuropathic pain; Other: Central sensitization inventory; A questionnaire developed for the detection of central sensitization.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Reliability of the Turkish version of pain modulation index	Internal consistency was evaluated by test retest method and calculating the coefficient alpha (α) or Cronbach's coefficient, and if the Cronbach's coefficient value was greater than 0.7, it was considered as an acceptable internal consistency	15 days
Validity of the Turkish version of Pain Modulation Index	Index scores were analysed for their correlation with Pain Detect and Central Sensitization Inventory scores.	1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ege University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Simin Hepguler, Prof, Ege University Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Austin PD, Asghari A, Costa DSJ, Siddall PJ. The development of a novel questionnaire assessing alterations in central pain processing in people with and without chronic pain. Scand J Pain. 2020 Apr 28;20(2):407-417. doi: 10.1515/sjpain-2019-0087.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): January 5, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 16, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 16, 2023
• First Posted (Estimate): January 26, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 26, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 16, 2023
• Last Verified: January 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Chronic Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: 21-7T/44

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No