RefleXion PET/CT Imaging Performance in Patients With Various Malignancies

November 17, 2025 updated by: City of Hope Medical Center

A Pilot Prospective Study of the RefleXion [18F]- FDG PET-CT Subsystem Imaging Performance in Patients With Various Malignancies

This clinical trial examines RefleXion Medical Radiotherapy System (RMRS) imaging to the standard of care (SOC) fludeoxyglucose F-18 ([18F]-FDG)- positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) imaging in patients with various cancers (malignancies). PET is an established imaging technique that utilizes small amounts of radioactivity attached to very minimal amounts of tracer, in the case of this research, [18F]-FDG. Because some cancers take up [18F]-FDG, cancer cells can be seen with PET. CT utilizes x-rays that traverse body from the outside. CT images provide an exact outline of organs and potential inflammatory tissue where it occurs in patient's body. The RefleXion system is designed to facilitate delivery of biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT). The RMRS uses PET emissions to guide radiotherapy delivery in real-time and has been studied for use with FDG (which is an agent used in standard PET-CT scans that targets glucose). Information gathered from this study may help researchers to improve PET-CT imaging on the RefleXion system. This information will be used in the future to improve planning and delivery of radiotherapy that will target (in real time) the signal released from the [18F]-FDG-PET-CT tracer. Comparing the imaging from the standard of care [18F]-FDG-PET-CT with the [18F]-FDG imaging from RMRS may help improve the quality of the imaging captured and determine if imaging can be done on the RMRS at the same time as planning for radiation therapy, which would reduce the number of scans needed to plan for radiation for cancer.

Study Overview

Status

Suspended

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To assess imaging performance of the [18F]-FDG PET-CT subsystem on the X1 RMRS to detect lesions (primary and metastatic) in patients with various types of malignancies.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To determine the feasibility of generating a BgRT plan using X1 RMRS-acquired [18F]-FDG PET data derived from the imaging-only session at the studied dose level.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive [18F]-FDG injection and undergo SOC [18F]-FDG PET-CT on study. Patients with at least one PET avid lesion then undergo X1 RMRS PET-CT imaging-only session on study.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

20

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Duarte, California, United States, 91010
        • City of Hope Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Documented informed consent of the participant and/or legally authorized representative
  • Age: >= 21 years
  • Patients with malignancies (abdominal/pelvic/thoracic/head and neck/breast tumors) undergoing SOC [18F]-FDG PET-CT for diagnostic and/or radiotherapy planning purposes
  • Patients should be scheduled for [18F]-FDG PET-CT prior to study entry

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known psychiatric or substance abuse disorder that would interfere with conduct of the study
  • Patient weight exceeding the weight limit (450 pounds) outlined per X1 RMRS specifications sheet
  • Lung parenchymal and bone tumors will be excluded as their imaging characteristics were evaluated in a previous study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Device Feasibility
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Device ([18F]-FDG PET-CT, X1 RMRS PET-CT)
Patients receive [18F]-FDG injection and undergo SOC [18F]-FDG PET-CT on study. Patients with at least one PET avid lesion then undergo X1 RMRS PET-CT imaging-only session on study.
Procedure: Computed Tomography
Undergo [18F]-FDG PET-CT
Other Names:
  • CT
  • CAT
  • CAT Scan
  • Computed Axial Tomography
  • Computerized Axial Tomography
  • Computerized Tomography
  • CT Scan
  • tomography
Other: Fludeoxyglucose F-18
Given via injection
Other Names:
  • 18FDG
  • FDG
  • fludeoxyglucose F 18
  • Fludeoxyglucose (18F)
  • Fludeoxyglucose F18
  • Fluorine-18 2-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-Glucose
  • Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Other: Medical Device Usage and Evaluation
Undergo X1 RMRS PET-CT
Device: Positron Emission Tomography
Undergo [18F]-FDG PET-CT
Other Names:
  • Medical Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography
  • PET
  • PET Scan
  • Positron Emission Tomography Scan
  • Positron-Emission Tomography
  • proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
  • PT

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Imaging performance of X1 RefleXion Medical Radiotherapy System (RMRS) positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) with the Imaging performance of the diagnostic fludeoxyglucose F-18 ([18F]-FDG) PET-CT
Time Frame: Up to 72 hours

One key metric will be the percent of patients with lesions identified on standard of care (SOC) PET-CT that are not identified on X1 (false negatives if considering SOC the true standard).

For the SOC [18F]-FDG PET-CT, the maximum standard uptake value (SUV) and the greatest dimension in centimeters will be recorded for each PET avid malignant lesion identified by the nuclear medicine radiologist. The patient's radiation oncologist will interpret the X1 PET scan for the same metrics.

Graphical presentations will be provided to compare SOC positive lesions and X1 positive lesions, and SOC positive lesions and X1 negative lesions with regards to lesion size, lesion location (lymph nodes, soft tissue, visceral organ) and SUV uptake. Descriptive statistics will be utilized to quantify results. Mean, standard deviation, interquartile range (IQR), and range will be reported for each continuous variable. Frequency and percentage will be reported for categorical variables.
Up to 72 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Percent of cases where X1 RMRS PET data can be used to generate an acceptable biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT) plan
Time Frame: Up to 72 hours
The true positive lesions identified on the X1 PET images will be identified and used for BgRT planning. Simulated planning using the RefleXion treatment planning software will be performed, and the radiation dose to organs at risk calculated. Principal investigator will determine whether this plan is acceptable or not. The percent of cases in which RefleXion [18F]-FDG PET data led to an acceptable plan will be recorded (descriptive statistics). Descriptive statistics will be utilized to quantify results. Mean, standard deviation, IQR, and range will be reported for each continuous variable. Frequency and percentage will be reported for categorical variables.
Up to 72 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

City of Hope Medical Center

Collaborators

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Jeffrey Y Wong, City of Hope Medical Center

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 15, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

August 28, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

August 28, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 16, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 3, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

May 6, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

November 19, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 17, 2025

Last Verified

November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 22668 (Other Identifier: City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center)
  • P30CA033572 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)
  • NCI-2023-01994 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

Yes

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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