Progression of Early Atrophic Lesions

March 8, 2026 updated by: Monika Fleckenstein, University of Utah

Progression of Early Atrophic Lesions in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).

Early atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents an important time window in the course of so far untreatable atrophic AMD, as patients typically experience only some degree of visual dysfunction, while being at significant risk for marked further loss of vision. To allow the precise evaluation of upcoming therapeutic interventions, a better understanding of the manifestation and variable disease progression is needed. This project aims to investigate refined tools to detect and monitor early atrophic AMD more accurately, including the impact on visual dysfunction and quality of life.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The investigators will focus on a previously largely under-explored but highly relevant time window in progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), i.e., 'early atrophic AMD'. We postulate that a therapeutic effect in early atrophic AMD would probably save a large proportion of patients from progressive visual function loss and that it seems more justifiable to risk interventions in this time window than in earlier AMD stages. Against this background, a comprehensive knowledge of the natural disease progression in this potential therapeutic margin is essential. We will implement innovative multimodal high-resolution retinal imaging, comprehensive functional testing, and assessment of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) combined with standardized and exploratory analysis strategies in a prospective, longitudinal study. This will enable the investigators to characterize and quantify the microstructural changes and associated functional and VRQoL deficits in eyes with early atrophic lesions with unprecedented accuracy. Knowledge of the strongest risk factors for accelerated disease progression will allow identification of patients at highest risk for visual function loss. Moreover, the investigator's hypothesis on disease-stage specific risk-factors may guide selection of therapeutic targets that are particularly susceptible in early atrophic AMD. Tailoring therapeutics to specific phenotypes and disease stages may be key to prevent irreversible vision loss and the associated reduced quality of life in patients with AMD.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

125

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients with early atrophic lesions secondary to AMD in at least one eye.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Males and females aged 50 years and older of all ethnicities.
  • Study eye with at least one early atrophic lesion defined as:
  • incomplete retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) (region of signal hypertransmission into the choroid, corresponding zone of attenuation or disruption of the RPE, and evidence of overlying photoreceptor degeneration that is, subsidence of the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL), presence of a hyporeflective wedge in the Henle fiber layer (HFL), thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), disruption of the external limiting membrane (ELM), or disintegrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ), or
  • complete RPE and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) (homogeneous choroidal hypertransmission, absence of the RPE band measuring > 250µm, evidence of overlying photoreceptor degeneration) and total lesions size =< ½ disc area (DA) (corresponding to 1.27mm2 area) of all atrophic lesions measured on fundus-autofluorescence (FAF) imaging in the study eye.
  • Sufficiently clear ocular media, adequate pupillary dilatation, and adequate fixation to permit quality fundus imaging and unbiased functional testing incl. fundus-controlled perimetry (FCP) testing.
  • Ability to comply with study protocol timelines.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Signs or exudation defined as serous detachment of the sensory retina, intraretinal cystoid fluid, or subretinal/retinal hemorrhage in the study eye.
  • cRORA lesion >1/2 disc area in the study eye at baseline.
  • Any history of treatment of exudative macular neovascularization (MNV) in the study eye (e.g. type 1, type 2, mixed, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and retinal angiomatous proliferation); Note: Non-exudative type 1 MNV in the study eye is NOT an exclusion criterion; non-exudative or exudative MNV in the fellow eye is not an exclusion criterion. Fellow-eyes may receive treatment of exudative MNV as part of clinical care.
  • Any disease/disorder other than AMD in the study eye at the time of inclusion (e.g. monogenic retinal diseases, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, previous retinal surgeries, myopic degeneration), uncontrolled glaucoma with intraocular pressure (IOP) of >30 mmHg (despite current pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment) and uveitis.
  • History of central retinal laser treatment, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and subthreshold laser treatment for AMD in the study eye.
  • Cataract surgery in the study eye within the last three months prior to enrollment. Laser-capsulotomy in the study eye within the last 2 weeks prior to enrollment.
  • Current or previous participation in clinical trials investigating drugs or supplements in AMD (except vitamins and minerals).
  • Current or previous participation (<3 months from termination of participation) in clinical trials investigating drugs or supplements in diseases other than AMD.
  • Any concurrent ocular condition in the study eye (e.g. cataracts) that, in the opinion of the investigator, requires medical or surgical intervention during the study period to prevent or treat visual loss that might result from that condition or - if allowed to progress untreated - could likely contribute to loss of at least two Snellen equivalent lines of best-corrected visual acuity during the study period.
  • Concomitant diseases that in the opinion of the investigator would make adherence to the examination schedule difficult or unlikely (e.g. personality disorder, chronic alcoholism, Alzheimer's Disease, drug abuse).
  • Evidence of significantly uncontrolled concomitant diseases at the discretion of the investigator (e.g. cardiovascular, neurological, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, endocrine gastrointestinal disorder).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Early GA lesions
Non-interventional
Other: No intervention
There is no intervention.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in geographic atrophy (GA) lesion size
Time Frame: At months 36 from baseline
Total GA lesion size will be determined by applying the RegionFinder® software on fundus-autofluorescence (FAF) with the aid of near-infrared (NIR) and optical coherence tomography ( OCT) images for the decision for the actual presence of early atrophic lesions.
At months 36 from baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Utah

Collaborators

National Eye Institute (NEI)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Monika Fleckenstein, University of Utah

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 20, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 31, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 15, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 15, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

July 25, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 11, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 8, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • IRB_00143184
  • 1R01EY034965-01 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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