Investigation of the Effect of Low Torque and Speed on Post-Operative Pain After Root Canal Treatment

Investigation of the Effect of Low Torque and Speed on Post-Operative Pain After Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Study

Root canal preparation is one of the most important stages in root canal treatment. Nowadays, the use of Nickel-Titanium(Ni-Ti) rotary instrument systems for root canal expansion is becoming very popular. The force required to rotate the Ni-Ti file is defined as the torque force and is considered a parameter for the stress produced within the canal. Ni-Ti rotary instruments can be used with a wide speed scale between 150 rpm (rotary per minute) and 40,000 rpm in conventional endodontic engines.

Low torque and speed values mean low pressure applied by the instruments in the root canal. With low forces and vibrations, motor noise is generally negligible, and the instruments can easily shape most root canals in a reasonable amount of time and with minimal mechanical stress (in medium-easy canals). The use of lower torque values has been shown to reduce cyclic fatigue of Ni-Ti rotary tools. With reduced cyclic fatigue, the risk of instrument breakage in complex root canal morphologies is minimized and complications that may occur during root canal treatment are reduced. However, with low torque and speed values, cutting efficiency decreases and the process time increases as the instrument advances in the canal and during possible treatment. Decreasing cutting efficiency may also result in the operator applying force to move through the canal. With the applied force, the friction resistance within the canal increases and the heat produced increases. For this reason, it is thought that the risk of post-operative pain may increase during or after the procedure.

The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of post-operative pain and procedure time using the visual analog scale (VAS) among groups where low torque and speed values were applied during the use of the Ni-Ti rotary instrument system.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Dental Pulp Necrosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: use of VDW Silver Endodontic motor

Detailed Description

Patients with an indication for root canal treatment of the mandibular first molar tooth, who applied to Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Endodontics, were selected. Patients aged between 18 and 65, who volunteered for the study and had no systemic disease and no preoperative pain, were included.

Patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into four groups (n=20) using a website (www.randomizer.org). The patient number and the randomized group from which the patient was selected will be recorded. All patients will be subjected to local anesthesia with articaine hydrochloride (Maxicaine, Istanbul) containing 1:100,000 adrenaline. After the entrance cavities of the teeth are opened with an aerator under water cooling, a rubber dam will be applied to the relevant teeth for isolation from the oral environment. After the entrance cavity is opened, the working length of the canals will be determined with the help of a No. 10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) canal file and an electronic apex finder (Woodpex III, Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co, Guilin, China). In both groups, it was planned to use the NiTi rotary instrument system using V Taper Gold (Fanta Dental Material, Shanghai, China) files with the help of VDW.Silver endomotor (VDW, München, Germany). The patient groups were determined as the first group was 2N torque value and 350 rpm speed, the second group was 2N torque and 250 rpm speed, the third group was 1N torque and 350 rpm speed, and the fourth group was 1N torque and 250 rpm speed. The torque values to be applied are lower than the values recommended by the manufacturer and there is no harm in applying them in the literature. For irrigation of root canals, 2ml of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite will be used at each instrument change. For final irrigation, 17% EDTA( ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) solution will be used. Root canals will be dried using sterile paper points. The root canals will be filled using gutta percha and a resin-containing root canal sealer (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and the treatment will be completed by making the upper restoration. After the treatment, patients were given a VAS scale (Visual Analog Scale) and were instructed how to fill in their pain levels verbally and visually, 6, 12, 48, 72 hours and 1 week later. With the VAS scale, patients will be asked to note whether they use the prescribed Ibuprofen analgesic and the frequency of use. When patients come to their follow-up appointment, the forms will be taken from the patients and their post-treatment pain values will be compared. The collected data will be analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Ahmet D Uygun, Assoc. Prof.; Phone Number: +905057513705; Email: ademirhan100@hotmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Betül Karaağaç, R. A.; Phone Number: +905347934602; Email: karaagacbetull@gmail.com

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, 03030
    • Afyonkarahisar Health Science University
    • Contact: Ahmet D Uygun, Assoc. Prof.; Phone Number: +905057513705; Email: ademirhan100@hotmail.com
    • Contact: Betül Karaağaç, R.A.; Phone Number: +905347934602; Email: karaagacbetull@gmail.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients without a history of intolerance to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Patients who have no physical or psychological disabilities and are competent in understanding and applying treatment protocols
• Mandibular first molars without preoperative pain,
• The relevant tooth is devital (non-living)
• Teeth that have not had root canal treatment before,
• Teeth that have not been traumatized and have no serious dental malposition,
• Teeth that do not have complex root canal morphology,
• Patients whose root curvature is not >25°,
• Patients without sinus tract, periapical abscess and cellulitis,

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy and patients who may be pregnant
• Patients who have used cortisone in the last 6 months and analgesic-anti-inflammatory-antibiotic use in the last week
• The patient is allergic to one or more of the agents to be used during the procedure.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 1 N (Newton) torque, 250 rpm(rotary per minute) speed; The values specified in the endomotor will be used during root canal treatment. 1 N torque, 250 rpm speed	Device: use of VDW Silver Endodontic motor; All patients will be subjected to local anesthesia with articaine hydrochloride (Maxicaine, Istanbul) containing 1:100,000 adrenaline. After the entrance cavities of the teeth are opened, a rubber dam will be applied to the relevant teeth for isolation from the oral environment. After the entrance cavity is opened, the working length of the canals will be determined with the help of a No. 10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) canal file and an electronic apex finder (Woodpex III, Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co, Guilin, China). In both groups, it was planned to use the NiTi rotary instrument system using V Taper Gold (Fanta Dental Material, Shanghai, China) files with the help of VDW.Silver endomotor (VDW, München, Germany). The endodontic motor will be used to adjust different speed and torque values during root canal treatment. Post-operative pain caused by different speed and torque values will be compared.
Experimental: 1 N torque, 350 rpm speed; The values specified in the endomotor will be used during root canal treatment. 1 N torque, 350 rpm speed	Device: use of VDW Silver Endodontic motor; All patients will be subjected to local anesthesia with articaine hydrochloride (Maxicaine, Istanbul) containing 1:100,000 adrenaline. After the entrance cavities of the teeth are opened, a rubber dam will be applied to the relevant teeth for isolation from the oral environment. After the entrance cavity is opened, the working length of the canals will be determined with the help of a No. 10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) canal file and an electronic apex finder (Woodpex III, Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co, Guilin, China). In both groups, it was planned to use the NiTi rotary instrument system using V Taper Gold (Fanta Dental Material, Shanghai, China) files with the help of VDW.Silver endomotor (VDW, München, Germany). The endodontic motor will be used to adjust different speed and torque values during root canal treatment. Post-operative pain caused by different speed and torque values will be compared.
Experimental: 2 N torque, 250 rpm speed; The values specified in the endomotor will be used during root canal treatment. 2 N torque, 250 rpm speed	Device: use of VDW Silver Endodontic motor; All patients will be subjected to local anesthesia with articaine hydrochloride (Maxicaine, Istanbul) containing 1:100,000 adrenaline. After the entrance cavities of the teeth are opened, a rubber dam will be applied to the relevant teeth for isolation from the oral environment. After the entrance cavity is opened, the working length of the canals will be determined with the help of a No. 10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) canal file and an electronic apex finder (Woodpex III, Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co, Guilin, China). In both groups, it was planned to use the NiTi rotary instrument system using V Taper Gold (Fanta Dental Material, Shanghai, China) files with the help of VDW.Silver endomotor (VDW, München, Germany). The endodontic motor will be used to adjust different speed and torque values during root canal treatment. Post-operative pain caused by different speed and torque values will be compared.
Experimental: 2 N torque, 350 rpm speed; The values specified in the endomotor will be used during root canal treatment. 2 N torque, 350 rpm speed	Device: use of VDW Silver Endodontic motor; All patients will be subjected to local anesthesia with articaine hydrochloride (Maxicaine, Istanbul) containing 1:100,000 adrenaline. After the entrance cavities of the teeth are opened, a rubber dam will be applied to the relevant teeth for isolation from the oral environment. After the entrance cavity is opened, the working length of the canals will be determined with the help of a No. 10 K-file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) canal file and an electronic apex finder (Woodpex III, Woodpecker Medical Instrument Co, Guilin, China). In both groups, it was planned to use the NiTi rotary instrument system using V Taper Gold (Fanta Dental Material, Shanghai, China) files with the help of VDW.Silver endomotor (VDW, München, Germany). The endodontic motor will be used to adjust different speed and torque values during root canal treatment. Post-operative pain caused by different speed and torque values will be compared.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Visual analog scale	The patient was asked to mark the severity of his or her pain with active motion on a horizontal line 100 mm in lenght. The intensity of the pain was calculated by measuring the area in which the individual marked between 0 (no pain) and 10 (the most severe pain I felt my life)	through study completion, an average of 1 month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Preparation time	While shaping the root canals at the specified values, the working time (second) will be measured with the help of a stopwatch.	through study completion, an average of 1 month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University
• Investigators: Study Chair: Ahmet D Uygun, Assoc. Prof., Afyonkarahisar Health Science University/ Dentistry Faculty

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): March 15, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): March 15, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): April 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 21, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 6, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): March 13, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 13, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 6, 2024
• Last Verified: March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Devital tooth
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Postoperative Complications; Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Stomatognathic Diseases; Tooth Diseases; Dental Pulp Diseases; Pain, Postoperative; Necrosis; Dental Pulp Necrosis
• Other Study ID Numbers: AFSU_AhmetDemirhanUygun_001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No