Visuospatial and Affective Abilities in Parkinson Disease

February 23, 2026 updated by: Laura Culicetto, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo

Assessment and Rehabilitation of Visuospatial and Affective Abilities in Parkinson Disease

The aim of the study is to investigate whether prismatic adaptation (PA) and virtual prismatic adaptation (VPA), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, that involves the use of lenses that deviate the visual field, can modulate alexithyima and performance in visuospatial tasks in patients with Parkinson disease. Furthermore, brain activity during the prismatic adaptation and post-adaptation phases will be recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG). Based on these premises, the present project aims to investigate the deficits of the affective, motor and visuospatial abilities in Parkinson's patients and the modulation of disorders through prismatic adaptation (PA) and virtual prism adaptation (VPA). Finally, we would like to evaluate production of the tear film and correlate their quantity with the severity of PD as it could be proposed as a new, non-invasive biomarker.

Study Overview

Status

Enrolling by invitation

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

126

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Italy
    • Messina
      • Messina, Messina, Italy, 98124
        • Laura Culicetto

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Over 18 years old;
  • Right-handed;
  • Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease according to the UK Brain Bank criteria (Lyon and Pahwa, 2011);
  • Hoehn and Yahr Stadium (Hoehn and Yahr, 1996) <2,5;
  • Stable pharmacological treatment (dopaminergic therapy: dopamine agonists and Levo-dopa) in the last 6 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • - Sensory-motor deficits that can hinder neuropsychological assessment;
  • Visual system disorders (blindness, glaucoma);
  • Atypical parkinsonisms;
  • PD with dementia according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Right prismatic adaptation, right virtual primastic adaptation
Participants will undergo either right prismatic adaptation or right virtual prism adaptation, along with cognitive and motor assessments.
Other: Prismatic adaptation
Participants will fit with prismatic goggles that deviate their visual field by 13° either leftward or rightward. They will seat in front of a white horizontal board on which three target dots (5 mm diameter) were positioned at 0, -10 and +10° from their body midline at a distance of 57 cm from their eyes. They will perform a total of 150 verbally instructed pointing movements with their right index finger towards the right (+10°) and left (-10°) targets in a pseudorandom order.
Diagnostic test: Schirmer test
Tear film will be collected from the right and left eyes.
Experimental: Left prismatic adaptation, left virtual prismatic adaptation
Participants will undergo either left prismatic adaptation or left virtual prism adaptation, along with cognitive and motor assessments.
Other: Prismatic adaptation
Participants will fit with prismatic goggles that deviate their visual field by 13° either leftward or rightward. They will seat in front of a white horizontal board on which three target dots (5 mm diameter) were positioned at 0, -10 and +10° from their body midline at a distance of 57 cm from their eyes. They will perform a total of 150 verbally instructed pointing movements with their right index finger towards the right (+10°) and left (-10°) targets in a pseudorandom order.
Diagnostic test: Schirmer test
Tear film will be collected from the right and left eyes.
Sham Comparator: Neutral prismatic adaptation, neutral virtual prismatic adaptation
Participants will undergo neutral prism adaptation or neutral virtual prism adaptation, along with cognitive and motor assessments.
Other: Prismatic adaptation
Participants will fit with prismatic goggles that deviate their visual field by 13° either leftward or rightward. They will seat in front of a white horizontal board on which three target dots (5 mm diameter) were positioned at 0, -10 and +10° from their body midline at a distance of 57 cm from their eyes. They will perform a total of 150 verbally instructed pointing movements with their right index finger towards the right (+10°) and left (-10°) targets in a pseudorandom order.
Diagnostic test: Schirmer test
Tear film will be collected from the right and left eyes.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Improve visuospatial skills;
Time Frame: 2 years
Better performance in tests that evaluate visuospatial skills like line bisection test. The minimun value is 0 and the maximum is 3. Higher scores mean a worse outcome
2 years
Modulate alexithymia;
Time Frame: 2 years
improvement in tests evaluating alexithymia such as TAS-20. The TAS 20 has scores that have a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 100. Scores greater than or equal to 61indicate high levels of alexithymia
2 years
Investigation of brain activity;
Time Frame: 2 years
investigate the brain areas involved in the tasks with High Density Electroencephalography (EEG HD) and functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The most active areas will be listed in a table
2 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Improve the quality of life with PDQ-39 questionnaire
Time Frame: 2 years
Promote rewarding experiences that improve self-esteem, the perceived sense of self-efficacy, the quality of life measured with the Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39).The minimum score is 0 which indicates the best quality of life A maximum score is 100 which indicates the worst quality of life.
2 years
Non invasive biomarker
Time Frame: Until the end of the study
we would like to evaluate production of the tear film and correlate their quantity with the severity of PD as it could be proposed as a new, non-invasive biomarker.
Until the end of the study

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Laura Culicetto, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 30, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2024

Study Completion (Estimated)

February 28, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 8, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 26, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

April 2, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 23, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PRISM1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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