Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Adult PNL Patients

The Effect of Intraoperative Position and Mechanical Power on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Adult PNL(Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) Patients

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different surgical positions (supine/prone) on lung mechanical power (MP) and its relationship with postoperative pulmonary complications in patients planned to percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) under general anesthesia.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Postoperative Pulmonary Complication; Mechanical Power
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: mechanical power calculation

Detailed Description

PNL is the preferred treatment method for kidney stones larger than 2 cm, multiple kidney stones and staghorn stones. With new developments in the field of medicine, PNL has become a minimally invasive method and is preferred to open surgery in the treatment of kidney stones. Alternative types of anesthesia and various patient positions have been described in PNL.

Mechanical power of ventilation (MP) is the amount of energy transferred from the mechanical ventilator to the respiratory system per unit time. Although this energy is primarily used to overcome airway resistance and respiratory system compliance, some of it acts directly on lung tissue, potentially causing ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).

Mechanical power during ventilation estimates the energy delivered to the respiratory system by integrating inspiratory pressures, tidal volume and respiratory rate into a single value. It allows physicians to evaluate adjustments made to mechanical ventilation by calculating a single value. High mechanical power value is associated with a high incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and mortality . In short, the energy distributed to the respiratory system consists of the static composite (PEEP), the dynamic composite (driving pressure and tidal volume) and the resistive composite (the pressure required for gas flow). Because energy is equal to the pressure that causes a change in volume. The equation is as follows: MP= 0.098 × respiratory rate × tidal volume × (PEEP + ½(plateau-peep)+ (peak-plateau)). These parameters are monitored on the monitor while the patient is mechanically ventilated and placed into the equation.

After general anesthesia, some postoperative pulmonary complications may be encountered. Exposure to high mechanical force in ventilated patients during surgery has been found to be associated with an increase in postoperative pulmonary complications and acute respiratory failure. This increases the length of hospital stay and mortality. In order to prevent ventilator-related lung damage, the mechanical ventilator must be adjusted to transfer the least amount of energy per unit time to the respiratory system for each patient.

Early recognition of postoperative pulmonary complications that are likely to occur after surgery is important for rapid initiation of treatment. Incentive spirometry (triflo) can be used to make a rapid assessment of the respiratory capacity of patients. An incentive spirometer is a device that measures the volume of air drawn into the lungs during inspiration. As you breathe through an incentive spirometer, a piston inside the device rises and measures the volume of inhaled air. 1 ball is considered as 600ml, 2 balls as 900ml, and 3 balls as 1200ml flow.]

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 200

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Kayseri
    • Kayseri, Kayseri, Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Gamze Talih

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients who are aged 18-75 agree to participate in the study

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who will undergo elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy and agree to participate in the study.
• ASA 1-3 patient

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with acute and chronic hypoxemia (PaO2<65mmHg, SpO2<95 in room air)
• Patients with BMI>35
• Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
• Patients with ASA 4 and above
• Pregnant patients
• Pneumonia, COPD attack etc. before the operation. people with lung disease
• Unstable patients such as uncontrolled hypertension, decompensated heart
• Mentally retarded and uncooperative patients

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
supine; Which group the patients will be included in will be determined by the surgical team based on the location and number of stones. The patient's values will be recorded in that position.	Other: mechanical power calculation; Mechanical Power= 0.098×Minute ventilation× (peak pressure - 0.5 (plato pressure-PEEP)). These parameters are monitored on the monitor while the patient is mechanically ventilated and placed into the equation
prone; Which group the patients will be included in will be determined by the surgical team based on the location and number of stones. The patient's values will be recorded in that position.	Other: mechanical power calculation; Mechanical Power= 0.098×Minute ventilation× (peak pressure - 0.5 (plato pressure-PEEP)). These parameters are monitored on the monitor while the patient is mechanically ventilated and placed into the equation

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
mechanical power	mechanical power=0.098*minute ventilation *(Ppeak-0.5*(Pplato-PEEP)	2 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: TC Erciyes University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 31, 2026
• Study Completion (Actual): April 15, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 4, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 11, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): June 17, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 6, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 30, 2026
• Last Verified: June 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 2024/99

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No