Books, Videos And Mobile Games İn Pediatric Dentistry

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Reading Educational Books, Showing Videos, And Playing Mobile Games On Dental Anxiety In Children

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of educational video viewing, reading educational books, and playing educational mobile games on children's dental anxiety prior to dental examinations. The main questions it aims to answer are:

1. Does reading educational books before dental examinations reduce dental anxiety in children?
2. Does watching educational videos before dental examinations reduce children's dental anxiety?
3. Does playing educational mobile games before dental check-ups reduce dental anxiety in children?

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Dental Anxiety; Child, Only
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: playing mobile game; Behavioral: reading book; Behavioral: watching video; Behavioral: tell-show-do group

Detailed Description

ackground: Behaviour management techniques have an important place in paediatric dentistry. However, alternative methods may be needed if they are found to be ineffective in reducing children's dental anxiety.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of reading educational books, watching videos and playing mobile games from the child's, dentist's and parent's perspective on children's dental anxiety before treatment.

Methods: A total of 160 patients were randomly assigned to four groups. Anxiety levels of patients in each group were assessed using the Facial Image Scale, the Frankl Behaviour Scale and pulse oximetry. The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale was administered to parents to assess their child's anxiety level. The first group was exposed to the tell-show-do technique, the second group read a book, the third group watched a video and the fourth group played a mobile phone game. The children in each group were then assessed. Anxiety levels were then reassessed using the same scales.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 160
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Kozlu
    • Zonguldak, Kozlu, Turkey, 67600
      • Bülent Ecevit Univercity

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. The child must be between 3-6 years old
2. No previous dentist experience
3. No systemic disease or syndrome

Exclusion Criteria:

1. The child is under 3 years old and over 6 years old
2. Having been to the dentist before for an examination or dental treatment.
3. Having any systemic disease or syndrome

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Play group; Before the examination process, the child was asked to select one of the five faces on the Facial Image Scale. The dentist evaluated and scored the patient's behaviors based on the categories in the Frankl Behavior Scale. Parents were asked to answer the questions in the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale on behalf of their children to assess their dental anxiety, and results were scored. Subsequently, the children's heart rate was measured and recorded with a pulse oximeter attached to the index finger of the left hand. Prior to the examination procedure, The patients in Play Group played a mobile game called 'Dentist' before the examination. After that patients were examined, and their anxiety levels were assessed using the same methods following the examination procedure	Behavioral: playing mobile game; Changes in anxiety levels were measured by playing a mobile game to children before dental examination.
Other: Book group; Before the examination, the child was asked to choose one of five faces from the Facial Image Scale. The dentist assessed and scored the patient's behaviour using the Frankl Behaviour Scale. Parents were asked to complete the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale on behalf of their children to assess their dental anxiety and the results were scored. The children's heart rate was then measured and recorded using a pulse oximeter attached to the index finger of the left hand. The researcher then read the storybook "Elif Goes to the Dentist" and showed the children pictures of dental instruments as described in the book. Behavioural techniques were used to examine the patients, and their anxiety levels were assessed after the examination using the same methods.	Behavioral: reading book; Changes in anxiety levels were measured by reading books to children before dental examination.
Other: Video group; Before the examination, the child was asked to choose one of the five faces on the Facial Image Scale. The dentist assessed the patient's behaviour using the Frankl Behaviour Scale. Parents were asked to answer the questions on the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale on behalf of their children to assess their dental anxiety, and the results were scored. The children's heart rate was then measured and recorded using a pulse oximeter attached to the index finger of the left hand. Patients in the video group then watched an animated video entitled 'First meeting with the dentist' before the examination, and dental instruments were introduced using the terminology mentioned in the video. Using behavioural techniques, the patients were examined and their anxiety levels were assessed using the same methods after the examination.	Behavioral: watching video; Changes in anxiety levels were measured by showing a video to children before dental examination.
Other: Tell-show-do group; Before the examination, the child was asked to choose one of five faces on the Facial Image Scale (FIS). The dentist assessed and scored the patient's behaviour using the Frankl Behaviour Scale. Parents were asked to complete the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale on behalf of their children to assess their dental anxiety, and the results were scored. The children's heart rate was then measured and recorded using a pulse oximeter attached to the index finger of the left hand. Following the application of the behavioural techniques, the patients were examined and their anxiety levels were assessed using the same methods after the examination procedure.	Behavioral: tell-show-do group; Before the dental examination, the tell-show-do technique was applied to the children and the changes in their anxiety levels were measured.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
anxiety level according to the child	We evaluated the effects of reading informative books, playing mobile games and watching videos after the dental examination on dental anxiety by measuring the Facial Image Scale (In the facial image scale consisting of 5 different faces, the happiest face is given a value of 1 while the unhappiest face is given a value of 5 and scoring is done according to the face chosen by the children.)	after dental examination to 10 minute

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
child's anxiety level according to the researcher	We evaluated the effects of reading informative books, playing mobile games and watching videos after the dental examination on dental anxiety by measuring the Frankl Behaviour Scale, (Frankl Behavior Scale: is based on the observation, evaluation and scoring of the child's behavior by the dentist. In this scale, which is filled in by the dentist, the child's behavior in different situations is classified as strongly negative (1), negative (2), positive (3), strongly positive (4). )	after dental examination to 30 minute

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
child's level of dental anxiety from the parents' perspective	We evaluated the effects of reading informative books, playing mobile games and watching videos after the dental examination on dental anxiety by measuring the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (Corah Dental Anxiety Scale: It consists of four short questions designed to measure dental anxiety levels related to dental treatments. Each question has 5 answers and the answers are scored from 1 to 5 by the physician. A score of less than 13 indicates a low level of anxiety, 13-14 indicates a moderate level of anxiety, and 15 and above indicates a high level of anxiety. If the child is too young to understand the questions, the questions can be answered by the parent or caregiver.)	after dental examination to 24 hour
children's anxiety levels according to heart rate	We evaluated the effects of reading informative books, playing mobile games and watching videos after the dental examination on dental anxiety by measuring the heart rate (It has been reported that pulse rate measurement is a reliable method for determining anxiety level. Increased anxiety level leads to increased heart rate.It has been reported that pulse rate measurement is a reliable method for determining the level of anxiety. Increased anxiety level leads to increased heart rate. Pulse rates of 80-120 between 2-4 years of age and 75-115 between 4-6 years of age are considered normal in children.)	after dental examination to 2 minute

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Bulent Ecevit University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: gamze kılıç, 1, Bulent Ecevit University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 1, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 17, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 13, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): June 17, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 17, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 13, 2024
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: video; Dental anxiety; Behavior management; book; mobil game
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Anxiety Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No